Bone & Bone Marrow

Question 1

Functions of bone

Answer 1

Support, protection, movement, mineral and fat storage, blood cell Production

Question 2

Types of Bones

Answer 2

Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid

Question 3

Long bone structure

Answer 3

• Diaphysis
• Epiphysis
• Articular cartilage
• Periosteum
• Medullary cavity
• Endosteum

Question 4

Diaphysis

Answer 4

Main shaft of a long bone
Hollow, cylindrical shape and thick compact bone
Provide strong support without cumbersome weight

Question 5

Epiphysis

Answer 5

• Both ends of a long bone
• Made of spongy bone
• Bulbous shape
• Provide attachments for muscles and give stability to joints

Question 6

Articular Cartilage

Answer 6

Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of epiphyses
Function to cushion jolts and blows

Question 7

Periosteum

Answer 7

• Dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone
• Contains cells that form and destroy bone
• Attaches tendons to bones and contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

Question 8

Endosteum

Answer 8

• Thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 9

Medullary Cavity

Answer 9

• Tube-like, hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone
• In adults, filled with a connective tissue rich in fat (yellow marrow)
• Contains blood vessels important in growth and repair

Question 10

What is bone tissue

Answer 10

• Most distinctive form of connective tissue
• Extracellular components are hard and calcified
• Rigidity of bone allows supportive and protective functions

Question 11

Types of bone tissue

Answer 11

Compact and spongy bone

Question 12

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 12

Crystals of calcium and phosphate that contribute to bone hardness

Question 13

Calcification

Answer 13

Hydroxyapatite crystals formation

Question 14

Types of bone cells

Answer 14

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes

Question 15

Osteoblasts

Answer 15

Bone forming cells, contain framework for deposition of calcium and phosphate

Question 16

Osteoclasts

Answer 16

Bone-eroding cells, contain mitochondria and lysosomes

Question 17

Osteocytes

Answer 17

Mature, non-dividing cells surrounded by matrix

Question 18

Bone marrow

Answer 18

Type of soft, connective tissue spread over wide area of body. Two types: red and yellow marrow

Question 19

Red marrow

Answer 19

Functions to produce red blood cells

Question 20

Yellow marrow

Answer 20

Replaces red marrow as person ages, storage of fat and functions as energy storage.

Question 21

In adults, bone marrow is found in..

Answer 21

Ribs, humerus, bodies of vertebrae, pelvis (sacrum and coccyx), femur

Question 22

When can yellow marrow change to red?

Answer 22

During times of decreased blood supply including anaemia, exposure to radiation and certain diseases