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Caries! > caries prevention > Flashcards

caries prevention Flashcards

1
Q

why prevention? 3 things

A
  1. to decrease prevalence of disease
  2. to decrease rate of progression
  3. decrease spending/resources
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2
Q

in UK how much money is spend on dental treatment per year?

A

£2 billion

  • trained personnel
  • materials
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3
Q

define sequelae.

A

a consequence of previous disease/injury

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4
Q

what is the sequelae of caries?

A

loss of deciduous dentition =

  1. malocclusion - no space for permenant dentition
  2. difficulty maintaining normal diet - cant eat hard food
  3. psychological problems - bullying & not wanting to smile

the need for fixed or removable appliances

  • regular dental treatment
  • quite difficult to clean
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5
Q

what is the most destructive sugar according to the stefan curve and why?

A

sucrose as it causes the most RAPID DROP in pH

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6
Q

what is the time scale for the saliva to put the oral pH back to a normal?

A

15-40 mins dependant upon the saliva flow rate (increased with sugar free gum)

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7
Q

an increased saliva flow does what 3 things to microorganisms?

A
  1. inhibits adhesion
  2. inhibits growth
  3. inhibits metabolism
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8
Q

what bacteria does xylitol specifically supress?

A

strep mutans

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9
Q

caries and pre-eruption diet

A

high vit D and calcium good for bone development but no evidence for teeth

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10
Q

what has occured in developing countries where there is malnutrition?

A
  1. delayed tooth eruption
  2. increased caries due to different comp of saliva and flow
  3. hypoplastic enamel defects
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11
Q

what is the effect of fluoride and other trace elements pre eruption?

A

large number so studies show that fluoride has substantial effect on preventing caries pre-eruption

naturally found in soil, sea water, plants etc
ingested from fish

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12
Q

what is the ranking of how cariogenic sugar is from highest to lowest?

A

sucrose > glucose > fructose > maltose > lactose

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13
Q

3 ways that fluoride alters the tooth structure?

A
  • increases re-mineralision of enamel
  • prevents demineralisation of enamel
  • decreases acid production in plaque
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14
Q

pre eruptive effects of fluoride on anatomy?

A

1- wider fissures
2- more rounded cusps
3- thinner enamel and dentine

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15
Q

how does fluoride make the enamel less susceptible to demineralisation?

A

it integrates itself into hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel giving fluorapatitie.

hydroxiapatitie critical pH = 5.5
fluorapatitie critial pH = 4.5 (less soluble)

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16
Q

what % of uk population live in water fluoridated area?

A

15%

17
Q

lifelong residency in a water fluoridated has shown what % reduction in caries?

A

20-40%

18
Q

what are the advantages of water fluoridation?

A
  1. safe (as verified by strathclyde case) - no cancer risk
  2. cost effective
  3. consistent
  4. little compliance required (passive)
  5. reaches masses
19
Q

disadvantages of water fluoridation?

A
  • cost! (still cheaper than caries tx)

- unethical (no freedom of choice)

20
Q

other than water fluoridation what are the 5 methods of fluoride delivery?

A
  1. tablets/drops
  2. fluoridated salt
  3. fluoridated milk
  4. topical fluoride
  5. fluoride toothpaste
21
Q

what is the minimum age to take a fluoride drop/tablet?

A

6 months

22
Q

what is the daily dose of fluoride for a 6month - 3 year old

A

0.25mg / day

23
Q

what is the daily dose of fluoride for a 3 year - 6 year old?

A

0.5mg / day

24
Q

what is the daily fluoride dose for a 6 year old - adult?

A

1mg / day

25
Q

what are the advantages of fluoride drops/tablets?

A
  • effective at reducing caries

- freedom of choice

26
Q

what are the disadvantages of fluoride drops/tablets?

A
  • compliance required
  • need consistency
  • risk of overdose
27
Q

what is the compound of choice in fluoride drops/tablets?

A

sodium fluoride NaF

28
Q

what is the % reduction in caries of adults and children who are taking fluoride tabs/drops?

A

40-50%

29
Q

what are the advantages of fluoridated salt?

A
  • effective
  • freedom of choice
  • consistent and regular
30
Q

what are the disadvantages of fluoridated salt?

A
  • conflicts health messages
    “reduce salt intake to prevent coronary heart disease”
  • not everyone has added salt in diet
31
Q

what effect does fluoridated milk have? and why does it not have both effects?

A
  • has a systemic effect

- no topical affect as calcium in milk diminishes it

32
Q

give the advantages of fluoridated milk?

A
  • safe
  • effective
  • regular
  • freedom of choice
  • small risk of overdose
33
Q

what are the disadvantages of fluoridated milk?

A
  • untested in a community setting
34
Q

what are the 2 most common choices of topical fluoride?

A
  1. sodium fluoride

2. stannous fluoride

35
Q

what is the the % reduction when topical fluoride is used?

A

20-30%

36
Q

what are the advantages of topical fluoride?

A
  • easy
  • effective
  • cheap now
  • freedom of choice
37
Q

disadvantages of topical fluoride

A

need a professional
time
access to services

38
Q

oral health promotion definition?

A

advocating indivitals to takw control over their own health and having life long maintenance of a dentition that is comfortable, functional, socially acceptable and promotes good general health

Caries! (9 decks)

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