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MaternalChild > Careof/HighRiskNewbros > Flashcards

Careof/HighRiskNewbros Flashcards

1
Q

What are critical parameters in the initial newborn assessment?

A

Cardiopulmonary functioning, neuro, musculoskeletal, gestational age (Ballard), birth measurements.
Assessment of the newborn’s transition to extrauterine life. Transition may take up to 12 hours.

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2
Q

When is APGAR scoring done? What do the letters stand for?

A

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
Appearance (color), pulse, grimace (reflex irritability), activity (muscle tone), respiratory effort
Max of 10 points

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3
Q

What are newborn vitals?

A

Taken every 30 minutes until stable for 2 hours.
Temp: 97.7-99.5
Pulse: 110-160 bpm
RR: 30-60 rpm

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4
Q

How is gestational age measured? When? What makes it up?

A

Dubowitz/Ballard scoring tool. Within 2 hours after birth.
Physical maturity: skin texture, lanugo, plantar creases, breast tissue, eyes and ears, genitals. Neuromuscular activity: posture, square window (wrist), arm recoil, popliteal angle, scarf sign, head to ear.

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5
Q

How does one perform the immediate interventions of maintain airway potency and thermoregulation?

A

Suction the mouth and nose with bulb syringe. May just use a towel for term infants.
Regulate environmental temp with a warm room, eliminating drafts or ceiling fans. Stabilize the newborn temp: dry infant immediately, use radiant warmer, warmed blankets. Neutral thermal environment

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6
Q

What medications are immediately administered after birth?

How is proper ID ensured?

A

Vitamin K to synthesize clotting factors. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum conjunctivitis.
Mother/newborn ID bracelets (2 on newborn), security band, proper employee identification

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7
Q

What is involved in a head to toe assessment on a newborn?

A

Skin, head, muscle tone and activity, abdomen, reflexes, safety, parental interaction and teaching

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8
Q

Cyanosis of the hands and/or feet.
Thick white substance that protects the skin.
Milia formed in the mouth

A

Acrocyanosis
Vernix caseosa
Epstein’s pearls

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9
Q

Salmon patches, superficial vascular areas on the nape of the neck, eyelids, between the eyes, or upper lip.
Unopened sebaceous glands on the nose

A

Stork bites

Milia

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10
Q

Bluish spots on the lower back and buttock. Usually in the darker skinned population.
Benign papular-pustular rash, usually the 1st week of life

A

Mongolian spots

Erythema toxicum

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11
Q

Dilation of blood vessels on one side of the body.
These things are usually on he face or other body area. Laser treatment.
These darken with age and disappear by age 3.

A 
Harlequin sign (clown suit)
Nevus flammeus (port-wine stain)
Nevus vasculosus (strawberry mark or hemangioma)
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12
Q

Elongated head shape to accommodate the birth canal.

Localized edema on the scalp from pressure of birthing process (crosses suture lines)

A

Molding

Caput succedaneum

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13
Q

Localized effusion of blood beneath the periosteum of the skull (does not cross suture lines)
Soft membranous gaps between skull bones
Fibrous joint occurring only in the skull

A

Cephalhematoma
Fontanels
Sutures

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14
Q

What are examples of six reflexes that should be seen in an infant?

A

Sucking, moro (startle), stepping (stepping motion when the infant is held upright), babinski (toes fan out when sole of foot is stroked), grasp both palmar and plantar, rooting

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15
Q

What two reflexes remain from infancy through adulthood?

A

Gag and coughing

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16
Q

Reflex that when the head is turned to the side the same arm/leg straightens out while the other is flexed with a clenched fist
When prone and the side of the spine is stroked, pelvis flexes toward the stimulated side

A 
Tonic neck (fencing) reflex 
Truncal incurvation reflex (galant reflex)
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17
Q

The newborn should be fed on demand, when? How is time measured?

A

Every 2-4 hours.
2-3 hours for breastfeeding, 3-4 hours for formula feeding. Time is measured from the start of one feeding to the start of the next.

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18
Q

Explain feeding of a newborn

A

Wake at night for feeding if past 4 hours. Assure they’re feeding regularly in the hospital. Burp frequently. Hold bottle-feeding infants. Give vitamin D drops daily. Assure breastfeeding mother has additional 500 calories and 8-10 glasses of water a day.

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19
Q

What are the advantages of breastfeeding over bottle feeding?
Hormones?

A 
Nutritionally perfect for each baby. Contributes to a strong immune system. Encourages bonding. Assists in involution of the uterus. 
Let down (oxytocin), milk production (prolactin)
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20
Q

What are signs of successful feedings of newborns?

A

Breasts feel full before and after feedings. Let down reflex occurs. Nurses 10-15 min/breast 8-10 times a day. Swallowing is heard. Baby seems relaxed after feedings. 6-8 wet diapers a day. Stools several times a day. Baby is gaining weight.

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21
Q

Nutrition of the breast milk?

A

Colostrum for the frist 2-3 days. Rich in immunoglobulins. High in protein, minerals, vitamins. Transitional milk, then mature at 10 days. Foremilk and hindmilk.

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22
Q

Forumla calories? When should they be started on solid food?

A

10-20 kcal/ounce.

No solids until around 6 months. Double birth weight.

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23
Q

The CDC reccomends that all neonates be vaccinated for hepB when? If mother is negative? Positive?

A

Within 12 hours.
If mother HbsAg neg, may defer to 1-2 month WCC
If mother HBsAg pos: Hep B dose 1 and HBIG (Hepatitis B immunoglobulin) within 12 hours of birth.
Both given before breastfeeding initiated

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24
Q

What are common tests for genetic and inborn errors of metabolism?

A

PKU for phenylketonuria. congenital hypothyroidism, galactosemia, sickle cell, thalassemia, SSA. Done at least 24 hours after the first protein feed.

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25
Q

What are newborns classified according to?

A

Birthweight and gestational age. Variations increase risks for special needs.

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26
Q

Birthweight and gestational age variations?

A

AGA: Appropriate for gestational age. 10%-90% for gestational age. Lower morbidity and mortality rates
SGA: Small for gestational age. <2500 g (5lbs 8oz) at term. <10% for gestational age (growth charts)
LGA: Large for gestational age. >4000 g (8lbs 13oz) at term. >90% for gestational age (growth charts)

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27
Q

Birthweight variations?

A 
Low birthweight
<2500 g (5lbs 8oz)
Very low birthweight
<1500 g (3lbs 5oz)
Extremely low birthweight
<1000 g (2lbs 3oz)
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28
Q

Maternal and placental factors that can affect growth?

A

Maternal: HTN, smoking, diabetes, weight gain, drug use.
Placental: calcification (aging), size, previa/abruption

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29
Q

Fetal factors affecting growth?

A

Sex (males are larger), multiple gestations, anomalies/chromosomal defects, fetal infection (TORCH)

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30
Q

Assessment findings for a newborn that is small for gestational age?

A

Disproportionately large head, thin extremities and trunk, reduced subcutaneous fat stores, thin umbilical cord, loose and dry skin.
Identify the fetal growth restriction (FGR). Pathologic counterpart of SGA. At risk for lifelong developmental deficits.

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31
Q

Nursing management of an SGA baby?

A

Obtain weight, length, and head circumference. Perform frequent serial blood glucose, monitor vitals, assess respiratory status, keep warm. Provide early and frequent feedings, parental education on-going growth follow-up. Screen/observe for polycythemia (Hct >65%)

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32
Q

> 90% on growth chart for age (macrosomia). Risks? Nursing concerns?

A

Large for gestational age (LGA).
Risks: maternal DM, prolonged pregnancy, previous macrocosmic baby, male fetus, maternal obesity.
Nursing: Traumatic birth injuries, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia

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33
Q

Assessment findings for LGA babies?

A 
Leave body, appears plump, full-faced, head circumference/body length at upper limits, poor motor skills, difficult to arouse.
Sometimes hypoglycemia (<40)mg/dL)2
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34
Q

Nursing management of LGA baby?

A

Assist in stabilizing. Identify birth injuries: fractured clavicles, brachial palsy, facial paralysis, skull fractures, hematomas, shoulder dystocia. Neuro exam for early intervention of abnormalities. Monitor for hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia.
Monitor glucose: within 30 mins of birth, qtr, before feeds, PRN. Initiate early and frequent feedings. I/O, weights.

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35
Q

Born before the completion of 37 weeks. Leading cause o newborn death. Common health issues?

A

Preterm. Chronic lung disease, periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoglycemia, infection, septicemia, delayed growth and development, mental/motor delays.

36
Q

Respiratory, cardio, gi effects of prematurity?

A

R: surfactant deficiency
C: persistent fetal circulation
GI: Uncoordinated suck, swallow, breathe. Shunting of blood to the vital organs.

37
Q

Renal, immune, CNS effects of prematurity?

A

R: decreased GFR
Immune: IgG deficiency
CNS: limited thermoregulation, hypoglycemia. Mental, motor, developmental delays.

38
Q

Common physical characteristics of preterm?

A

Scrawny appearance, head disproportionately larger than chest, poor muscle tone and flexion, minimal subcutaneous fat, undescended testes, plentiful lanugo and vernix caseosa, poorly formed ear pinna, fused eyelids, soft spongy skull bones, absent to few creases in soles and palms

39
Q

Promoting oxygenation in preterm?

A

Identify asphyxia, prepare for resuscitation. Administer O@ to maintain pulse ox from high-80s to mid-90s. Monitor respiratory status and airway patency, administer medication (surfactant)

40
Q

Maintaining thermoregulation in perterms?

A

Use radiant warmer or isolate. Encourage kangaroo care if stable (skin to skin).
Monitor daily weight and strict I/O, calorie count. If less than 34 weeks, begin parenteral and then gradually increase enteral. Assess for feeding intolerance (measure abdominal girth, auscultate bowels, check residuals). Encourage breastfeeding/use of MBM.

41
Q

Preventing infection in preterms?

A

Most common cause of morbidity and mortality in NICU. Transplacental transmission, perinatal acquisition, and hospital acquired.
Monitor changes in vital signs and pulse-ox. Assess feeding tolerance. Avoid tape on skin. Use good hand hygiene, standard precautions. Screen visitors

42
Q

Providing appropriate stimulation in preterms?

A

Rocking, swaddling, sucking, massage, holding (causes faster weight gain, improved interactive behavior, progressive feeding ability). Alter the NICU environment by reducing noise and light. Promote growth and development. Cluster care.

43
Q

Nutrition in preterms?

A

Monitor daily weight and strict I/O, calorie count. If less than 34 weeks, begin parenteral and then gradually increase enteral. Assess for feeding intolerance (measure abdominal girth, auscultate bowels, check residuals). Encourage breastfeeding/use of MBM.

44
Q

Preparing for discharge of the preterm infant and their family?

A

The goal is successful transition from hospital to home. Teach infant CPR and emergency care. Develop appropriate home care environment. Establish a medical home and referrals. Initiate primary care routine. Reinforce instructions for infant care and safety

45
Q

How does one assist parents to cope with a perinatal loss?

A

Convey concern and acknowledge parental loss. Use active listening. Give parents a sense of control. Provide privacy as needed. Assist parents to make memories: journal, gather NB belongings. Respect and incorporate culture. Help family with grieving process, support after.
Provide the family with mementos: lock of hair, outfit, blanket, hand/foot prints, photo. Send a card from the nursing staff. Attend the funeral. Donate to a relevant charity in memory
Provide family with resources (support groups, grief websites, etc.)

46
Q

What defines a postterm newborn? Risk factors and placental issues that happen?

A

At or beyond 42 weeks. Risks include prior postterm infant.

Placental issues that ensue are decreased O2 and nutrient supply, wasting of the fetus due to using stored nutrients.

47
Q

What can be assessed on a postterm newborn?

A

Dry, cracked, peeling, wrinkled skin. Vernix caseosa and lanugo are absent. Long, thin extremities. Creases that cover the entire soles of feet. Wide-eyed, alert expression. Abundant hair on scalp. Thin umbilical cord. Meconium-stained skin and fingernails. Long nails.

48
Q

Postterm nursing management?

A

Identify susceptible conditions:
placental dysfunction leads to asphyxia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress. Cord compression from placental deprivation or oligohydramnios which leads to reduced fetal perfusion.
Anticipate newborn resuscitation. Monitor blood glucose levels, skin temperature, respirations, ABG’s, bilirubin levels & neurologic status. Prevent hypothermia. Screen for polycythemia & hyperbilirubinemia

49
Q

Most common clinical insult in perinatal period. Comes along with an inability to transition to extrauterine life or establish and maintain adequate respiration after birth. Perinatal acidosis. Risk factors?

A

Perinatal asphyxia: impairment in gas exchange resulting in decreased blood O2 and excess CO2 (hypercapnia) leading to acidosis.
Birth trauma. Intrauterine asphyxia (cord compression, meconium aspiration, maternal HTN). Sepsis. Malformation. Hypovolemic shock (from abruptio, cord rupture). Medications.

50
Q

What improves outcomes with perinatal asphyxia? 10% require active resuscitation which involves what?

A

Early ID of risk, recognition of s/s, early intervention.
Dry newborn quickly, place under radiant heater. Suction nose/mouth. Begin resuscitation procedure until > 100 bpm sustained with good resp. effort

51
Q

Self-limiting respiratory disorder that is caused by retention of fluid in the lungs or transient pulmonary edema. Fluid in the fetal lung is eliminated slowly or incompletely. Risk factors?

A

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). Mild respiratory distress. Occurs within a few hours of birth and resolves by 72 hours.
Risks conclude prolonged labor, c/s, male sex, maternal asthma, macrosomia, maternal CNS depressant

52
Q

Assessment and diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

A

Look for retractions, expiratory grunting, cyanosis.
DX with CXR (hyperaeration, perihilar interstitial markings, streaking)
ABGs (mild hypoxemia, mild CO2 increase, normal pH).

53
Q

Treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

A

Supportive. Supplemental oxygen. Ongoing assessment. Neutral thermal environment. Minimal stimulation. Reassurance to parents. IV fluids or gavage feedings until stable respiratory status

54
Q

Disorder from lack of surfactant and lung immaturity. Risks?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Soon after birth has grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, cyanosis.
Risks include prematurity, c/s in term newborn, male gender, maternal DM (hyperinsulinemia antagonizes surfactant production).
Incidence reduced with chronic fetal stress (prolonged ROM, maternal narcotic addiction, maternal HTN) which accelerates production of surfactant before 35 weeks.

55
Q

Treatment of RDS?

A

Treatment is supportive. PEEP ventilation.
Administration of exogenous surfactant replacement therapy: preventative within minutes of birth or rescue for newborns requiring mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation if needed. Prevention: single course prenatal steroids; betamethasone

56
Q

Chronic lung disease affecting neonates treated with mechanical ventilation and O2 for longer than 28 days.

A 
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Results in fibrosis, atelectasis, increased pulmonary resistance, decreased lung compliance, pulmonary HTN and edema. 
Meds include bronchodilators, corticosteroids, diuretics.
57
Q

Separation and fibrosis of the retina, can lead to blindness. Damage to immature retinal blood vessels thought to be caused by high O2 or low birth weight (<1500).

A

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Prevention involves vitamin E, avoiding high concentrations of O2. Cryosurgery may reduce long-term complications.

58
Q

Inhalation of meconium filled amniotic fluid during labor or birth. Causes blocked bronchioles, an inflammatory reaction, and decreased surfactant production. Risks?

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).
Postterm, breech, instrument assisted birth, prolonged labor, maternal smoking/drugs, maternal HTN/DM, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, placental insufficiency.

59
Q

Assessment for meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

tachypnea, respiratory distress, grunting, cyanosis, uneven pulmonary ventilation
Perihilar streaking on X-ray
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Treatment is suction prior to full delivery if meconium present
Direct tracheal suctioning if needed
Hyperoxygenation or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
Pulmonary vasodilators and surfactant PRN
Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Utilize routine NICU care.

60
Q

Partially caused in a newborn by the maternal glucose ceasing at birth. Risks? Assessments?

A

Hypoglycemia. Blood glucose is less than 40 mg/dL.
Risks: maternal DM, prematurity, inadequate calorie intake, sepsis, asphyxia, hypothermia, polycythemia, IUGR
Assessment: Listlessness/lethargy, weak cry, poor feeding
tremors, irritability, seizures
apnea, cyanosis
HYPOTHERMIA!

61
Q

Prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia in the newborn?

A

Prevention: early initiation of feedings, frequent assessment of high-risk newborns, and neutral thermal environments to help thermoregulation.
Treatment: immediate and frequent feedings, frequent glucose monitoring, early recognition and intervention, IV glucose for severe condiitons

62
Q

What is the impact of having a diabetic mother on a newborn? Being an IDM (infant of diabetic mother)

A

Congenital abnormalities (cardiac and neural tube) due to poor glycemic control during organogenesis. Macrosomia due to maternal hyperglycemia and fetal response of hyperinsulinemia leading to somatic growth. SGZA due to intrauterine malnutrition.

63
Q

Assessment and s/s of infants of diabetic mothers?

A

Ruddy skin color, rosy cheeks (from polycythemia). Buffalo hump at nape of neck, excessive SC fat on extremities. Distended upper abdomen. Short neck. Wide shoulders
Hypoglycemia ( glucose < 40 mg/dL). Listlessness, hypotonia, poor feeding, tremors,
irritability, seizures, apnea, cyanosis, temperature instability

64
Q

How does one treat an infant of a diabetic mother?

A

Prevent hypoglycemia:
early feedings q 2-3 hrs, BS levels hourly X 4 then q 3-4 hrs, IV glucose infusions PRN. NTE. Cluster care to promote rest, reduce stimulation. Monitor electrolytes, assess for Sxs of hypocalcemia, polycythemia, & hyperbilirubinemia. Monitor respiratory status. Family support & education

65
Q

Pattern of fetal anomalies related to abuse of alcohol: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Effects are growth restriction (pre and postnatal), craniofacial structure malformations, CNS dysfunction. Clinical features?

A

Microcephaly, small eyes, IUGR, maxillary hypoplasia (micrognathia), epicanthal folds, thin upper lip, flat filtrum, narrow forehead, short nose, low nasal bridge, delayed fine and gross motor development, cognitive or developmental dysfunction, congenital cardiac issues, poor hand-eye coordination
3 or more are needed for diagnosis.

66
Q

Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorders. Intellectual disabilities r/t behavior and learning. Prenatal alcohol use.

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
Causes alcohol-related birth defects, commonly heart, kidneys, bones. No safe level of alcohol. The effects are lifelong. Affects 40k newborns per year.

67
Q

Effects of tobacco during pregnancy?

A

Impaired oxygenation of the mother and the fetus. FGR, preterm birth, SIDS, chronic respiratory illness.

68
Q

Effects of marijuana during pregnancy?

A

FGR, preterm delivery. Symptoms of altered neurological behaviors: sleep abnormalities, hyperirritability, tremulousness, high-pitched cry

69
Q

Effects of cocaine during pregnancy?

A

CNS stimulant, increases temp/HR/BP. Fetal hypoxia, placental abruption, preterm labor. Congenital anomalies, piercing cry, poor feeding, poor sleep patterns, irritability, hypersensitivity, decreased responsiveness

70
Q

Where are opioid receptors concentrated? What are s/s of opioid withdrawal?

A

CNS and GI tract.

CNS irritability, autonomic over-reactivity, GI tract dysfunction

71
Q

Assessment for neonatal abstinence syndrome?

A

Review maternal history and ID risk behaviors. Obtain urine, blood, meconium toxicology screens. Use newborn assessment tools : WITHDRAWAL , Finnegan.
The higher the score, the greater the opioid effects

72
Q

Withdrawal symptoms seen in NAS, neonatal abstinence syndrome?

A

Related to CNS, autonomic, & GI tract effects.
Wakefulness, shrill cry, irritability, tremors, poor feeding, diarrhea, apnea, lacrimation, nasal congestion, frequent yawning, temperature instability, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress

73
Q

WITHDRAWAL assessment tool?

A 
W: wakefulness: sleeplessness
I: irritability
T: temperature variations
H: Hyperactivity, high pitched cry
D: diarrhea, diaphoresis, disorganized suck
R: respiratory distress
A: apneic attacks
W: weight loss/failure to thrive
A: alkalosis
L: lacrimation
74
Q

What are the three parts of the Finnegan neonatal abstinence syndrome assessment tool?

A

CNS disturbances, metabolic/respiratory disturbances, GI disturbances

75
Q

Nursing management of neonatal abstinence syndrome?

A

Promote comfort: low stimulation, low lighting, swaddle, pacifier, calm approach. Meet nutritional needs, frequent small feedings (MBM if abstinence). Strict I/O, daily weight. Prevent skin breakdown, wt. loss, dehydration. Administer meds PRN based on ↑ed NAS scores (>8). Opioid, morphine or methadone (longer half life, less frequent dosing). Phenobarbital to control breakthrough symptoms. Promote parent-newborn interactions, educate and refer

76
Q

Bilirubin level of greater than 5mg/dL. Most common reason for hospital readmission.

A

Hyperbilirubinemia
Results from imbalance in rate of bilirubin production and elimination (immature newborn hepatic system)
Essential data is the age of newborn (in hours) to determine rate of progression of condition, cause, and treatment

77
Q

What makes newborns at a higher risk for jaundice?

A

Immature liver unable to keep up with bilirubin production. Fetal RBCs – shorter lifespan → faster break-down. Delay in meconium excretion through bowel

78
Q

What’s the pathophysiology of jaundice?

A

Bilirubin is a byproduct of RBC hemolysis.
Unconjugated: fat soluble, toxic to body tissues, unable to be excreted
Conjugated: transformed by liver, water soluble, non-toxic, excreted in urine and stool

79
Q

Explain physiologic jaundice?

A

Occurs 1-7 d. after birth. Increased bilirubin load. Caused by shortened RBC life (leading to relative polycythemia) and immature liver. Levels usually peak at 10mg/dL then decline rapidly. 60% of term and 80% preterm newborns
Risks include diabetic there, resolving cephalohematoma, prematurity

80
Q

Explain pathologic jaundice?

A

Occurs in first 24 hours. Increased RBC breakdown. Caused by severe polycythemia, blood incompatibilities, or systemic acidosis. May reach toxic bilirubin level > 17mg/dL, leads to jaundice of the brain. Kernicterus → Encephalopathy, irreversible neurological impairment.

81
Q

Assessment for physiologic jaundice?

A

Monitor labs: polycythemia, Rh incompatibility, bilirubin, Coombs test . Assess skin, mucous membranes, body fluids for yellow color

82
Q

Treatment for physiologic jaundice?

A

Promote early and frequent breast-feeding q 2-3 hrs. Monitor serial bilirubin levels.
Phototherapy care: Eye shield, NTE with frequent temperature monitoring, strict I/O with daily weight, hydration assessment, monitor stool frequency and appearance, positioning to maximize skin exposure, meticulous skin care – no lotions.
parental support and education

83
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). First 24 hours, the bilirubin is >12 mg/dL.

A

Pathologic jaundice. Linked to Rh incompatibility and ABO incompatibility. There’s a less serious reaction with ABO because more fetal cells contain antigens and less antigens are located on RBC’s.

84
Q

Assessment for pathologic jaundice? Treatment?

A

Review risk factors for HDN. Note jaundice in the newborn < 24 hours of age. Close monitoring of bilirubin in first 24 hours. Frequent assessment for signs of incompatibility.
Phototherapy, exchange transfusion, parental education, follow-up care, counseling for future pregnancies

85
Q

Presence of bacterial, fungal, or viral microorganisms or their toxins in blood or other tissues, most common is GBS. First symptoms are usually temp, hypothermia.

A

Neonatal sepsis. Mortality rate is 50% without treatment. Presents as septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis.

86
Q

Group of infections acquired prenatally. Similar physical findings, including skin and ocular manifestations. TORCH. Systems affected?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Other (gnorrhea, syhpilis, HIV, chlamydia)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Skin/exocrine, HEENT, nervous, GI, renal, lymphatic/heme, cardiac, pulmonary

87
Q

Nursing management of TORCH infections?

A

Early recognition and treatment. Antibiotic therapy – monitor response. 7-21 days for positive cultures. 72 hours until negative cultures. Supportive care: oxygen PRN, pain control. Promote hydration – po/IV fluids. Prevention: handwashing, aseptic wound care, frequent monitoring of invasive catheter sites, identifying risk factors, family education

MaternalChild (15 decks)

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