Cards-Risk Factors Flashcards
What is normal BP?
Elevated BP?
Stage 1 HTN?
Stage 2 HTN?
- normal BP is 120/80 mm Hg;
- elevated BP is 120-129/80 mm Hg;
- hypertension stage 1 is 130-139 mm Hg systolic or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic;
- hypertension stage 2 is ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic
When is BP medicine expected to be initiated?
Nonpharmacologic and drug treatment is recommended for those with BP ≥130/80 mm Hg
AND clinical cardiovascular disease
OR a 10-year cardiovascular risk ≥10% to a BP goal of 130/80 mm Hg.
What is the BP target for patients with HTN and…. heart failure with preserved or reduced EF? PAD? Diabetes? Stable ischemic heart disease?
130/80
What is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
The attributable risk for myocardial infarction is highest for cholesterol levels, followed by current smoking, psychosocial stressors, diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity, no alcohol intake, inadequate exercise, and irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables.
How should hsCRP be used?
Because atherosclerotic disease is thought to be in part an inflammatory process, hsCRP measurement has been investigated for enhancing risk prediction. Current guidelines do not support the use of hsCRP evaluation in the general population. However, hsCRP testing may be used in intermediate-risk patients (Framingham 10-year risk score of 10%-20%) in whom choice of therapy may be affected by reclassification of risk. Elevated hsCRP levels should be rechecked within 2 weeks, and other potential causes of infection or inflammation should be ruled out. Although statin therapy has been shown to lower hsCRP levels, therapy targeting hsCRP alone is not appropriate as patients should be treated according to cardiovascular risk.
What is the role of coronary artery calcium scoring?
The evaluation of subclinical disease with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring may be appropriate to further risk stratify intermediate-risk patients but is not a component of routine risk assessment. Evidence of calcification of coronary vessels is indicative of atherosclerotic disease, but the absence of calcification does not rule out the presence of soft plaque.
How is aspirin used in CVD?
Aspirin is a powerful agent for both primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
When is aspirin recommended for the primary prevention of CVD?
In April 2016, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD and colorectal cancer in adults aged 50 to 59 years with a 10-year CVD risk of 10% or higher (using the Pooled Cohort Equations) who do not have an increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years.
