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Anatomy Term 2 > Cardiovascular System (The Heart) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (The Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

A

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

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2
Q

Cardiovascualr System Transports

A

Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, Waste, Hormones

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System Regulates

A

Temperature & Blood pressure in tissues through Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

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4
Q

Cardiovascular System Helps protect us through

A

Blood clotting and Immune cells

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5
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A

Striated, use a sliding filament mechanism to contract, large mitochondria, connected by intercalated discs

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6
Q

Thoracic Cavity is divided in 2

A

Pleural Cavities x2 and Mediastinum

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7
Q

Pleural Cavities Contain

A

Lungs, Pleura

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8
Q

Mediastinum contains

A

The organs that lie in the center of the chest between the lungs, Ex, pericardium and
heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea

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9
Q

Size and Location of Heart

A

Size of Closed fist,
Location
- 2/3 of its mass lies to the
left of the midsaggital plane
* The apex (pointed end) sits
on the diaphragm
* Base is superior

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10
Q

Pericardium

A

Double Layered Fibrous Sac (Lubricated Space between the 2 layers )
1. Visceral Pericardium - Inner Layers
2. Parietal Pericardium - Outer Layer

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11
Q

3 Layers of the Heart

A

Superficial tp Deepest
1. Epicardium (Visceral layer of the serous pericardium)
2. Myocardium (Cardiac Muscle)
3. Endocardium

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12
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

Separates Atria from the Ventricles

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13
Q

Atrium

A

Upper Receiving Chambers

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14
Q

Ventricles

A

Discharging Lower Chambers

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15
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives O2 poor blood from the body

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16
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives O2 rich blood from the lungs

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17
Q

Interventricular Sulcus

A

Separates left and right ventricles

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18
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Low pressure, pumps low O2 blood into lungs

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19
Q

Left Ventricle

A

High Pressure, Pumps O2 rich blood throughout body, 2-4 times bigger than right ventricle

20
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Between Right Atrium and Ventricle

21
Q

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

A

between left atrium and ventricle

22
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

attach to valves and is what causes them to open and close

23
Q

Cardiac Cycle is equivelent to

A

1 heart beat

24
Q

Cardiac Cycle is controlled by

A

ANS (autonomic nervous system)

25
Q

Average pulse rate

A

72 beats per minute

26
Q

Average Duration of Cardiac Cycle

A

0.8 Seconds

27
Q

Systole phase

A

Contraction phase of the heart

28
Q

Diastole phase

A

Relaxation Phase of the heart

29
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A
  • Pacemaker
  • located in the wall of the
    right atrium near the
    opening of the superior
    vena cava
  • Causes atria to contract
30
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

A

located in the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum

31
Q

Bundle of His (AV Bundle)

A

located in the interventricular septum
signal ventricles to contract

32
Q

Purnikje Fibres

A

located in the walls of the ventricles
signal the ventricles to contract

33
Q

ECG has 3 waves

A

P wave
QRS Complex
T wave

34
Q

What happens during P wave

A

Depolarization of the atria, Contraction of atria follows

35
Q

What happens in QRS Complex

A

Depolarization of the Ventricles, contraction of the ventricles follows

36
Q

What happens in T wave

A

Repolarization of the Ventricles, Relaxation of the Ventricles

37
Q

QRS complex hides

A

relaxation of the atria

38
Q

Heart is innervated by both

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerve fibres

39
Q

Sympathetic Nerve Fibres

A
  • Innervates the entire heart muscle and nodes
  • Releases Norepinephrine
40
Q

Arrhythmias - What is it and what gets disrupted

A
  • Irregular heart rhythm due to a defect in the conduction system
  • SA node disrupted
41
Q

Causes of Arrhythmias

A
  • Coronary artery disease – atherosclerosis
  • Hypertension
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Defective heart valves
  • Stress
  • Drugs and chemicals
42
Q

What is Cardiac Output (equation)

A

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

43
Q

Heart Rate

A
  • influenced by sympathetic (fight of flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous systems
44
Q

Stroke Volume

A

produced by a heart of average size is around 70 mL

45
Q

What controls the heart (3 things)

A
  • Signal originates in the Medulla Oblongata
  • Sympathetic impulses increase heart rate and force of
    contraction
  • Parasympathetic impulses decrease heart rate.
46
Q

Heart Rate is affected by

A
  • hormones
  • ions
  • age, gender, physical fitness & body temperature.
47
Q

Baroreceptors

A
  • Neural receptors that detect blood pressure changes
  • Location: in the Aortic arch and Carotid arteries
  • Function: Change in BP = Change in HR

Anatomy Term 2 (5 decks)

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