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Anatomy Term 2 > Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries (Deliver)

A

carry blood away from the heart (toward Capillaries)

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2
Q

Capillaries (Exchange) (What are they and what happens in the capillaries)

A
  • Network to carry blood from arterioles to venules
  • all chemical and gaseous exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid takes place
    across capillary walls
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3
Q

Veins (Return)

A

carry blood toward heart

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4
Q

Arterial Structure (Outer Layer) and what is it made of

A

Tunica Externa (thin)
- Elastic connective Tissue (Reinforces Artery)

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5
Q

Arterial Structure (Middle Layer) and what is it made of

A

Tunica Media (Thick)
* Smooth Muscle tissue (thick in arteries)
* Important in blood pressure regulation

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6
Q

Arterial Structure (Inner Layer) what is it made out of

A

Tunica Intima (inner layer) = NO VALVES
* Epithelial cells (Endothelium)

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7
Q

Venous Structure (Outer Layer) and what is it made of

A

Tunica Externa (Thick)
* Fibrous connective tissue
* Thicker than in arteries

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8
Q

Venous Structure (Middle Layer) and what is it made of

A

Tunica Media (Thin)
- Smooth Muscle Tissue

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9
Q

Venous Structure (Inner Layer) and What is it made of

A

Tunica Intima
- Valves (keep blood from flowing retroactively)
- Epithelial Cells

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10
Q

Capillaries (What are they made of and what happens in them)

A
  • Tunica Intima Only (SIngle Layer Epithelial Cells)
  • Easy passage for O2, CO2 and wastes to pass through quickly
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11
Q

Precapillary Sphincters (What are they and what do they do)

A
  • Smooth muscle wrapped around entrances to capillaries
  • Guard entrances to capillaries and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary
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12
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Composed ONLY of endothelial cells
  • Almost all cells of the body are no more than
    100 mm (micrometres) from a capillary
  • Blood pressure is far lower in capillaries than in
    arteries
  • Capillary beds can be opened or closed with
    precapillary sphincters, based on the
    physiological needs of the tissues
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13
Q

How do Veins pump

A

The muscles around the veins contract forcing the blood forward and the valves open.
When the muscles relax the valves close.

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14
Q

Where is blood pressure highest?

A

Aorta

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15
Q

Blood Pressure drops

A

The further it is from the left ventricle

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16
Q

Blood Pressure in the right Atrium

A

Is close to 0

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17
Q

Blood Pressure: Arterial pressure

A

100 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg

18
Q

Venous Pressure

A
  • 18 to ~2mm Hg
  • Structure of vein offer little resistance
  • Veins become larger = Increase in velocity
19
Q

Hormones that Increase Blood Pressure

A

Angiotensin II, aldosterone, epinephrine,
norepinephrine & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

20
Q

Hormones that decrease blood pressure

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

21
Q

Systemic Circulation (How does the blood flow)

A
  1. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle  aorta
    to all parts of the body
  2. Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
22
Q

All veins of the systemic circulation flow into:

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava
  2. Inferior Vena Cava
  3. Coronary sinus
23
Q

Circle of Willis

A
  • Anastomoses
  • Surround the pituitary gland
24
Q

Vessels in Circle of Willis (Important!)

A
  • 2x posterior cerebral (from Basilar)
  • 2x posterior communicating
  • 2x anterior cerebral
  • 1 x anterior communicating artery
25
Q

Branches of the Celiac Trunk

A
  1. Common Hepatic
  2. Left Gastric
  3. Splenic
26
Q

Systemic Veins (Purpose)

A
  • Return blood to the heart,
    “opposite” to the arteries
27
Q

Cerebral Sinuses drain into the

A

Sigmoid Sinus

28
Q

The Sigmoid Sinus drains into the

A

Internal Jugular Vein

29
Q

Pulmonary Veins contain

A

Oxygenated blood (carries the blood towards the heart)

30
Q

Pulmonary Artery Contain

A

Deoxygenated blood (carries the blood away from the heart)

31
Q

Hepatic Portal Circulation (Functions)

A
  • Reabsorbing blood glucose & storing
    as Glycogen
  • Detoxifying the blood
32
Q

Fetal Circulation (Ductus Arteriosus) what does it do?

A

connects aorta & pulmonary artery

33
Q

Fetal Circulation (Foramen Ovale) what does it do?

A

shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium

34
Q

Fetal Circulation (Ductus Venosus) what does it do?

A

bypasses immature liver

35
Q

What is a pulse?

A

the alternate expansion and elastic recoil of an artery with
each heartbeat

It may be felt in any artery that lies near the surface or over a hard
tissue.

36
Q

What is an average pulse rate?

A

72 bpm

37
Q

What is a Tachycardic pulse rate?

A

> 100 bpm

38
Q

What is a Brachycardia pulse rate?

A

<60 bpm

39
Q

Blood Pressure (Definition)

A

is the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of an artery when
the left ventricle undergoes systole and then diastole

40
Q

What is blood pressure measured by?

A

sphygmomanometer

41
Q

Systolic blood pressure (what is it?)

A

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular
contraction (systole)

42
Q

Diastolic Pressure (What is it?)

A

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular relaxation

Anatomy Term 2 (5 decks)

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