Cardiovascular System - Cells, Tissues, Anatomical Directions, Body Cavities (Pearson MyLab & Mastering A&P) Flashcards
The superior chambers of the heart are called the ________.
(One answer)
- atria
- ventricles
- coronary chambers
- caved
atria
Rationale: Your heart has 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the left and right atria and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles.
Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart.
(One answer)
- right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right atrium
- left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs
- lungs, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
- left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium
- right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the _______.
(One answer)
- right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle
- right ventricle and moves to the lungs
- right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
- left ventricle and moves to the lungs
- right atrium and goes directly to the lungs
right ventricle and moves to the lungs
Which of the following INCREASES stroke volume?
(One answer)
- exercise
- severe blood loss
- decrease in preload
- decrease in end diastolic volume (EDV)
exercise
If the mitral valve is unable to close properly, ________.
(One answer)
- blood could flow back into the left atrium
- blood could flow back into the right ventricle
- blood could flow back into the right atrium
- blood could flow back into the left ventricle
blood could flow back into the left atrium
The ________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
(One answer)
- tricuspid
- mitral
- aortic semilunar
- pulmonary semilunar
tricuspid
Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the time during which the ventricles are in systole?
(One answer)
- T wave
- P wave
- Q-T interval
- QRS complex
Q-T interval
Rationale: The Q-T interval is the period from the beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization, during which the ventricles are in systole.
Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient whose systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg.
(One answer)
- 50 mm Hg
- 87 mm Hg
- 95 mm Hg
- 120 mm Hg
87 mm Hg
The lining of the heart chambers is called the ________.
(One answer)
- epicardium
- endocardium
- pericardium
- myocardium
endocardium
Which of the following correctly describes how the baroreceptor reflexes would respond to a fall in blood pressure?
(One answer)
- The cardioinhibitory center would be stimulated.
- The cardioacceleratory center would increase parasympathetic output to the heart.
- The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth muscle to increase TPR.
- Contractility would decrease and heart rate would increase.
- Baroreceptors would be stimulated and send increased impulses to the cardiovascular control center in the medulla.
The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth muscle to increase TPR.
The endocardium is composed of ________.
(One answer)
- simple columnar epithelium
- cardiac muscle cells
- simple squamous epithelium
- stratified squamous epithelium
- simple cuboidal epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following terms is correctly matched to its description?
(One answer)
- ventricular diastole: period of ventricular contraction
- atrial systole: period of atrial relaxation
- quiescent period: period of total heart relaxation
- stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
quiescent period: period of total heart relaxation
Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?
(One answer)
- right and left ventricles
- left atrium and ventricle
- right atrium and ventricle
- right and left atria
left atrium and ventricle
Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?
(One answer)
- left ventricle
- left atrium
- right atrium
- right ventricle
left atrium
Electrical impulses pass through the conduction system of the heart in the following sequence:
(One answer)
- SA node, bundle branches, bundle of His. AV node, and Purkinie fibers
- SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers
- SA node, bundle branches, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers
- SA node, bundle of His, AV node, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers
Rationale: The impulses of the heart originate at the SA node (pacemaker). The impulse is then transmitted to the AV node (atrioventricular node), where the impulse slows down to allow the atria to completely contract and thereby fill the adjacent ventricles. The AV node then transmits the impulse to the bundle of His, which branches into left and right bundle branches. The bundle branches give rise to the Purkinje fibers, which transmit the impulse to the ventricle walls and stimulate ventricular contraction.
Which of the following would take the longest time to regulate blood pressure?
(One answer)
- baroreceptor-initiated reflexes
- chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
- hormonal control of peripheral resistance
- renal regulation
renal regulation
Which of the following structures receives the depolarization wave from the atria and passes impulses onto the ventricles?
(One answer)
- AV node
- bundle branches
- atrioventricular bundle
- SA node
AV node
What does AV node stand for?
atrioventricular node
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
(One answer)
- Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
- The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
- The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.
- The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.
What does SA node stand for?
sinoatrial node
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
(One answer)
- forms a lipid bilayer
- molecular transport through the membrane
- circulating antibody
- oxygen transport
molecular transport through the membrane
Mitochondria _________.
(One answer)
- contain digestive enzymes called acid hydrolyses
- are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP
- synthesize proteins for use outside the cell
- contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function
contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the
cavity.
(One answer)
- dorsal
- ventral
- cranial
- vertebral
- thoracic
dorsal
Rationale: The central nervous system is the complex series of nerve tissues that control the actions of the body. It is enclosed in the dorsal body cavity.
The body cavity which houses the lung is known as the ________.
(One answer)
- the pelvic cavity
- the pleural cavity
- pericardial cavity
- the cranial cavity
the pleural cavity
Which of the following best describes a sagittal plane?
(One answer)
- a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
- a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
- a horizontal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
- a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts an interaction between two separate cells?
- A
- B
- C
- D
Panel D shows recognition of one cell by another via the glycocalyx.
What process is indicated by C?
(One answer)
- digestion of food particles
- exocytosis of ribosomes from the cell
- exocytosis of secretory proteins
- exocytosis of RNA from the cell
exocytosis of secretory proteins
What is the function of the structures at D?
(One answer)
- to allow large molecules, with the exception of DNA, to pass through the envelope
- to act as an assembly point for ribosomes
- they are enzymes for the replication of DNA
- to act as attachment points for spindle fibers during cell replication
to allow large molecules, with the exception of DNA, to pass through the envelope
What does ‘posterior (dorsal*)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning toward or at the back of the body; behind.
*The terms ventral and anterior are synonymous in humans, but this is not the case in four-legged animals. Anterior refers to the leading portion of the body (abdominal surface in humans, head in a cat), but ventral specifically refers to the “belly” of a vertebrate animal, so it is the inferior surface of four- legged animals. Likewise, although the dorsal and posterior surfaces are the same in humans, the term dorsal specifically refers to an animal’s back (as in the dorsal fin of a shark). Thus, the dorsal surface of four-legged animals is their superior surface.
What does ‘anterior (ventral*)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning toward or at the front of the body; in front of.
*The terms ventral and anterior are synonymous in humans, but this is not the case in four-legged animals. Anterior refers to the leading portion of the body (abdominal surface in humans, head in a cat), but ventral specifically refers to the “belly” of a vertebrate animal, so it is the inferior surface of four- legged animals. Likewise, although the dorsal and posterior surfaces are the same in humans, the term dorsal specifically refers to an animal’s back (as in the dorsal fin of a shark). Thus, the dorsal surface of four-legged animals is their superior surface.
What does ‘superior (cranial)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.
What does ‘inferior (caudal)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
What does ‘medial’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.
What does ‘lateral’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.
What does ‘intermediate’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
What does ‘proximal’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
What does ‘distal’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
What does ‘superficial (external)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning toward or at the body surface.
What does ‘deep (internal)’ mean?
It is an anatomical direction meaning away from the body surface; more internal.
