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Histology PHM > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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2
Q

Define microvascular bed

A

anastomosing network of capillary tubules formed in almost every organ

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3
Q

Which structures converge to form veins?

A

venules

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4
Q

Define elastic artery.

A

Large vessels whose major role is to carry blood to smaller arteries

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5
Q

Examples of conducting arteries.

A

Aorta

Pulmonary artery and their largest branches (ex: thyrocervical trunk)

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6
Q

Another name for elastic artery

A

Conducting artery

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7
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood except

A

Pulmonary artery carrying deoxygenated blood to lungs

umbilical artery

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8
Q

How structure of arteries change as you move farther from the heart.

A

Elastic lamellae decrease and smooth muscle increases

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9
Q

Difference between elastic and muscular arteries

A

Elastic arteries

  • for conduction
  • tunica media has more elastic lamellae, but less smooth muscle

Muscular arteries

  • for distribution
  • tunica media has more smooth muscle, but less elastic lamellae
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10
Q

Function of elastic lamellae in conducting arteries.

A

Allow for stretch within a certain limit during systole (contraction) and passively rebound during diastole (relaxation), to maintain constant blood pressure

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11
Q

Thouroughfare channel

A

distal end of metarteriole lacking smooth muscle

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12
Q

What determines which molecules get to interact with endothelial cells of capillaries?

A

the type of basement membrane

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13
Q

Composition of diaphragms covering perforations of fenestrated capillaries.

A

proteoglycans

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14
Q

Location of continuous capillaries.

A 
muscles 
connective tissue 
nervous tissue 
lungs 
exocrine glands
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15
Q

Types of capillaries found in 1) endocrine glands 2)exocrine glands

A

endocrine glands have fenestrated capillaries

Exocrine glands have continuous capillaries

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16
Q

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

A

liver
spleen
bone marrow
some endocrine organs

17
Q

3 major layers of the heart.

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

18
Q

Purkinje fibers are found in which layer of the heart?

A

In the endocardium’s subendocardial layer

19
Q

The thickest layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

20
Q

True or false; Myocardium is thicker in atria walls than in ventricle walls

A

False: it has to be thicker in ventricle walls as they need more pressure to pump it to the rest of the body

21
Q

Name of the simple squamous epithelium surrounding epicardium layer

A

mesothelium

22
Q

Valves of veins project from which layer?

A

Tunica intima

23
Q

Classification of veins.

A 
Is based on diameter/size
There are 4 types 
1. Venules <0.1 mm
2. Small veins <1 mm
3. Medium veins <10mm
4. Large veins >10mm
24
Q

Distinguishing features of muscular arteries.

A
  1. Tunica media most prominent and rich in smooth muscle cells
  2. Very clear demarcation between tunica media and tunica intima by prominent internal elastic lamina
25
Q

Distinguishing features of capillaries .

A

No tunica media or adventitia

26
Q

What space thickens with age and can cause complications with heart blood supply?

A

Subendothelial space

27
Q

Function of smooth muscles in blood vessels

A

Contraction

Produce fibers

28
Q

Heart conduction system components

A

AV
SA
artrioventricular bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

29
Q

Define cardiac conducting system

A

modified cardiac muscle fibers that stimulate rythmic contractions of the heart

30
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up cardiac skeleton

A

Dense irregular C.T.

31
Q

Layers of tunica intima

A

Endothelium
CT
Internal elastic lamina

32
Q

Functions of endothelium

A
  1. Thrombogenic barrier
  2. Semipermeable membrane
  3. produces factors that make adjacent smooth muscle cells to contract/relax
  4. Produce factors to initiate inflammation
33
Q

How does endothelium act as a thromobogenic barrier

A

produces factors that prevent blood clotting

34
Q

How Embolus forms

A

when endothelial layer damaged and platelets contact connective tissue, fibrinogen is converted to the insoluble fibrin forming blood clots that can dislodge and are then called emboli

35
Q

End artery

A

supplies only one tissue

36
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Describes factors that contribute to thrombosis

37
Q

Factors of Virchow’s triad

A
  1. Endothelial injury
  2. Stasis (blood not moving)
  3. Blood content (ex: progesterone makes blood more prone to clotting)/Hypercoagubility
38
Q

Capillary beds drain into

A

venules

Histology PHM (8 decks)

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