Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Structure of the Heart

Answer 1

Question 2

Blood flow through the heart

Answer 2

1. Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid valve into Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk
5. Pulmonary arteries (De-O₂ Blood)
6. Pulmonary Veins (O₂ Blood)
7. Left Atrium
8. Bicuspid valve into Left Ventricle
9. Aortic Valve to Aorta
10. Rest of Body

Question 3

SA Node

Answer 3

Electrical impulse starts here

• Depolarization away causes atria to contract simultaneously

Question 4

AV Node

Answer 4

At junction of atria and ventricles. Delays impulse to allow ventricles to fill completely

Question 5

Electrical conduction system of the heart

Answer 5

1. SA Node
2. AV Node
3. Bundle of His
4. Bundle Branches
5. Purkinje fibers

Question 6

Systole

Answer 6

Ventricle contraction and closure of the AV valves occurs and blood is pumped out of the ventricles

Question 7

Diastole

Answer 7

The heart is relaxed, the semilunar valves are closed, and blood from the atria fills the ventricles

Question 8

Cardiac Output

Answer 8

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 9

Blood Composition

Answer 9

55% Plasma, 45% Formed elements

Question 10

ABO blood types

Answer 10

Question 11

Rh factor

Answer 11

Refers to absence or presence of allele D.

Rh^- : no D antigen; produces D antibody

Rh⁺ : D antigen; does not produce D antibody

Question 12

Triggers for a right shift of oxyhemoglobin curve

Answer 12

Increased P_aCO₂, Increased [H⁺] (decreased pH)

• Often associated with hgiher oxygen demand (exercise)
• Hemoglobin will have lower affinity for O₂

Question 13

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 13

Pushes fluid out of vessels

Question 14

Oncotic (Osmotic) Pressure

Answer 14

Pulls fluid back into vessels