CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

Function of Cardiovascular System

Answer 1

Provides oxygen and nutrients to tissue, and removes waste. Also transports blood

Question 2

transportation of blood

Answer 2

vital in transporting substances between large cells and the external environment, therefore, maintains a stable internal environment (homeostasis).

Question 3

Red blood cells

Answer 3

oxygen and gas transport

Question 4

White blood cells

Answer 4

protect against disease and infection

Question 5

Platelets

Answer 5

cell fragments; cells are incomplete (no nucleus). Initiate blood clots and close blood vessel breaks.

Question 6

Plasma

Answer 6

clear liquid; mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular waste.

Question 7

Structures of Cardiovascular System

Answer 7

Heart and blood vessels

Question 8

Blood vessels

Answer 8

include arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

Question 9

Coverings of Heart

Answer 9

pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Pericardial cavity

Question 10

pericardium

Answer 10

Outer layer; encloses the heart

two layers:
Fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium

Question 11

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 11

tough outer protective sac.

White, fibrous connective tissue. Encloses a more delicate double-layered sac.

Question 12

Visceral pericardium

Answer 12

inner layer of sac; covers the heart.

At the base of the heart, the visceral layer turns back on itself and becomes the Parietal pericardium

Question 13

Parietal pericardium

Answer 13

a double-walled inner sac

Question 14

Pericardial cavity

Answer 14

between parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium layers

contains fluid that decreases friction as the heart moves. (Serous fluid - water and enzymes.)

Question 15

Wall of the Heart

Answer 15

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 16

Epicardium

Answer 16

outer layer; protects the heart by decreasing friction.

Deep portion often contains adipose tissue, particularly along the paths of coronary arteries and cardiac veins that carry blood through the myocardium.

• corresponds to the visceral pericardium

Question 17

Myocardium

Answer 17

middle layer; thick layer composed mostly of cardiac muscle that forces blood out of the heart chambers.

Layers are separated by connective tissue richly supplied with blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers.

Question 18

Endocardium

Answer 18

inner layer; continuous with the inner linings of blood vessels attached to the heart.

Contains blood vessels and some specialized cardiac muscle fibers (Purkinje fibers).

-consists of epithelium and connective tissue with many elastic and collagenous fibers.