BLOOD VESSELS

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying blood away from the ventricles under high pressure

Question 2

arterioles

Answer 2

Branch into progressively thinner tubes and eventually give rise to fine branche

Question 3

Layers of the arterial wall (3)

Answer 3

1. Inner layer (smooth)
2. Middle layer (muscle)
3. Outer layer (connective)

Question 4

1. Inner layer (smooth)

Answer 4

Endothelium - helps prevent blood clots by providing a smooth surface and secreting biochemicals that inhibit platelet aggregation (coagulation).

Question 5

2. Middle layer (muscle)

Answer 5

Smooth muscle fibers, which encircle the tube, and a thick layer of elastic connective tissue.

Question 6

3. Outer layer (connective)

Answer 6

Thin layer of irregularly organized elastic and collagen fibers; layer attaches the artery to the surrounding tissue.

Question 7

Sympathetic branches of the ANS

Answer 7

innervate the smooth muscle in arterial and arteriolar walls

Question 8

“vasomotor fibers”.

Answer 8

. Fibers of ANS

Question 9

vasoconstriction

Answer 9

limits blood supply.

strong and fast **higher pressure

Question 10

vasodilation

Answer 10

increases blood supply

slow and weak **lower pressure

Question 11

Ventricli to Artria

Answer 11

• When arteries are going away from the heart, they are under higher pressure compared to our veins
• Our veins are carrying blood back under lower pressure

**When you get blood drawn it’s from a vein

Question 12

Typical Artery

Answer 12

• usually round, with relatively thick wall
• usually rippled, due to vessel constriction
• internal elastic membrane present
• thick, dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers
• external elastic membrane present
• collagen and elastic

Question 13

Typical Vein

Answer 13

• usually flattened or collapsed, with relatively thin wall
• often smooth
• absent internal elastic membrane
• thin, domincated by smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers
• absent external elastic membrane
• collagen and elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells

Question 14

Arterioles

Answer 14

• in charge of routing blood to where it needs to go (BLOOD ROUTING)

Question 15

• sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

system intervates our smooth muscle tissue

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

High to low pressure environment

of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration

oxygen and nutrients

Question 17

Blood entering the systemic capillaries -

Answer 17

High in oxygen concentration
High in nutrient concentration

Therefore, these substances diffuse through capillary walls and enter the tissue fluid.

Wastes - such as carbon dioxide - are greater in tissue, therefore, wastes diffuse out of tissue and into capillary blood.

Question 18

Lymphatic vessels (immune system)

Answer 18

collect the excess fluid and return it to the venous circulation.
Unusual events may increase blood flow to capillaries, and excess fluid enters spaces between tissue cell