Cardiovascular System

Question 1

How would you take a card history?

Answer 1

23

Question 2

How would you do a cardio exam

Answer 2

25

Question 3

What cardio investigations could you do?

Answer 3

27

Question 4

What are the different types of Congenital heart defects? What are each of their symptoms?

Answer 4

29

Question 5

What are the normal BP ranges? what is hypertensive?

Answer 5

30

Question 6

What are the types of hypertension and what would be some etiological classifications? and clinical classifications?

Answer 6

32

Question 7

Whats retinopathy? What are the different grades? why

Answer 7

33

Question 8

What is Arteriosclerosis? The 3 main disorders? Explain them 34-35

Answer 8

34

Question 9

What are the outcomes of arteriosclerosis?

35

Answer 9

35

Question 10

What is the treatment and management of atherosclerosis?

Answer 10

36

Question 11

Venous thrombosis vs Deep vein thrombosis leading to Pulmonary Embolism. Explain difference in:

• Define
• aetiology
• pathophysiologu
• risk factors
• history/ exams
• Investigations
• Prevention/ Tx
• complications
• prognosis

Answer 11

36

Question 12

Eneurysm
True aneurysm
-aetiology
-2 types

false aneurysm 
dissection 
-complications 
-pathogenesis 
ie 2 important disorders that predispose to aortic aneurysm. how?

Answer 12

37

Question 13

Veroscosities
Pathology 
clinical presentation 
clinical considerations 
managament

Answer 13

38

Question 14

Heart disease:

• heart failure?
• Ischemic heart disease?
• stable angina pectoris
• unsatble angina
• Acute MI

-treatment for heart disease? Pharm and non pharm

Answer 14

39- 40

Question 15

Myocardial Infarction 
define?
Aetiology 
pathophysiology 
Risk factors (modifiable/ non modifiable) 
Hx/ Exam 
-investigations 
-complications 
-long term Mx
-prognosis

Answer 15

40-41

Question 16

Arrythmias
Types? 
Their pathophysiology?
Clinical importance?
Causes?

Answer 16

42

Question 17

What are the type of cardiomyopathies?

tell me about each?

Answer 17

42

Question 18

Shock
What is it?
What are the categories? what are each caused by? what are their subcategories?
Example ?

Answer 18

43

Question 19

Differential Diagnosis: 
Early cyanosis (blue babies)

Answer 19

43

Question 20

DDx
Late cyanosis (blue kids)

Answer 20

43

Question 21

Congenital cardiac defect assosiations

Answer 21

43

Question 22

Ddx of Hypertension
Primary causes
-Idiopathtic

Answer 22

44

Question 23

DDx Hypertension Secondary causes?

Answer 23

44

Question 24

DDx for Chest pain 
-Cardiovascular causes 
-pulmonary 
-gastrointestinal 
-musculoskeletal disorders 
Miscellaneous

Answer 24

45

Question 25

See table for clinical features of Major causes of acute chest discomfort on pg 46

Answer 25

46

Question 26

Ddx of leg Oedema Bilateral Oedema Unilateral oedema

Answer 26

47

Question 27

Murmurs/ heart sounds

Answer 27

47

Question 28

What are the signs of Heart failure? Explain them and why they come about? Then other signs and symptoms 50-51

Answer 28

50

Question 29

DO THE SELF TESTS AND LAB REVIEW

Answer 29

55