cardiovascular system Flashcards
what is another name for the cardiovascular system?
the circulatory system
what are the 4 organs of the CV system?
heart, vein, artery, and capillary
what are the two parts the circulatory system composed of?
- pulomonary circulation
- systemic circulation
what is pulmonary circulation?
between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart
what is systemic circulation?
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart
where are carbon dioxide and other waste products transported to?
the lungs, liver, and kidneys where they are eliminated from the body
what is the heart?
a muscular pump made up of cardiac muscle fibers
how many chambers/cavities does the heart have?
4
what happens when the cardiac muscle contracts?
blood is ejected from the heart and pushed throughout the body within the blood vessels.
where is the heart located?
in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity
the heart is more on the left side than the right side
what are the three layers of the heart?
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
what is the endocardium?
the inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers.
a smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers
what is the myocardium?
the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart.
contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels.
what is the epicardium and pericardium?
the outer layer of the heart
the pericardium is the double-layered pleural sac the heart is enclosed in.
the epicardium = visceral pericardium
the outer layer of the pericardium = parietal pericardium
what are the divisions of the heart chambers/cavities?
two atria (upper)
two ventricles (lower)
the chambers are divided into right and left side by which walls?
interatrial septum (upper)
interventricular septum (lower)
what are the recieving chamber of the heart?
the atria
what are the four valves?
act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow, only allow blood to move forward, by blocking it from returning to the previous chamber
what is the tricuspid valve?
also known as atrioventricular valve, it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
what is the pulmonary valve?
a semilunar valve, located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, this valve prevents blood that have been ejected into the pulmonary artery from returning to the right ventricle as it relaxes.
what is the mitral valve?
also known as bicuspid valve, indicates that it has two cups.
blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and can not go back up into the left atrium
what is the aortic valve?
a semilunar valve located between the left venticle and the aorta.
blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle.
what is diastole vs systole?
diastole - a period of rest
systole - a period of contraction
what is heart rate is regulated by?
autonomic nervous system
what is step 1 of the conduction system?
- the sinoatrial node, also known as pacemaker, is where the electrical impulses begin from the sinoatrial node a wave of electricity travels through the atria, causing them to contract, or go into systole.
what is step 2 of the conduction system?
- the atrioventrical node is stimulated
what is step 3 of the conduction system?
- the atrioventricular node transfers the stimulation wave to the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His
what is step 4 of the conduction system of the heart?
- the electrical signal travels down the bundle branches within the interventricular septum
what is step 5 of the conduction system?
- the Purkinje fibers out in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated, resting in ventricular systole
