Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Liquid connective tissue.
Contains plasma and formed elements.

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

FLuid component of blood. Mostly water and some plasma proteins. These are

Albumin - most abundant maintains blood volume and helps transport steroid hormones and fatty acids.

GLobulins - Defend body against viral and bacterial pathogens. Also includes complements that enhance immune responses like clotting factors.

Fibrinogen - Form initial threads of blood clot.

Question 3

Formed Elements

Answer 3

Three cells produced by stem cells in red marrow…Red, white and platelets

Question 4

Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

AKA erythrocytes - responsible for transporting oxygen for cell metabolism.

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

AKA White blood cells
Granular are:
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Agranular are:
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 6

Thrombocytes

Answer 6

aka Platelets are cell fragments that play key role in hemostasis (stops bleeding) via a clot, plug or spasm.

Question 7

Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Venule
Vein

Answer 7

Carries blood away from heart
controls dist of blood in capillary bed
site og nutrient and waste exchange
collects bloow from cap bed
returns blood to heart

Question 8

The Heart structure

Answer 8

Fibrous Pericardium
Serous Pericardium
outer parietal layer of serous pericardium and then visceral layer or epicardium attached to heart itself then myocardium and finally endocardium

Question 9

Heart Function

Answer 9

Venous blood returning from the body drains into the right atrium via the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus
The right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk to be oxygenated in the lungs
Blood returning from the lungs drains into the left atrium via the four pulmonary veins
The left atrium pumps blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the ascending aorta to supply the body.[6]

Question 10

SA Node

Answer 10

Pacemaker of heart. Self generates action potentials at about 100/minute

Question 11

AV Node

Answer 11

Area of delay until both atria have contracted

Question 12

Bundle of His

Answer 12

Action potential from atria to ventricles

Question 13

Bundle branches

Answer 13

carry AP down septum to the apex of heart.

Question 14

Purkinje fibers

Answer 14

run from apex upward to around the ventricles to produce contraction in a wringing action

Question 15

Systole
Diastole

Answer 15

Sys - contraction state of heart chambers
Dias - Relaxation state in which chambers dilate

Question 16

HR Regulation mechanisms

Answer 16

ANS - Medulla oblongata
Hormones
Ion Levels

Question 17

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 17

Carries blood between heart and lungs

Question 18

Systemic Circuit

Answer 18

Carries blood between heart of rest of body

Question 19

Blood pressure

Answer 19

measure of hydrostatic pressure generated by blood against the vascular wall

Question 20

Capillary exchange

Answer 20

exchange between blood and interstitium.

Question 21

Cap fluid pressure

Answer 21

hydro pressure created by blood inside capillary oushing outward

Question 22

Plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 22

osmotic pressure created inside the capillary by protein content in the blood.

Question 23

Interstitial fluid pressure

Answer 23

IF presses inward against capillary wall

Question 24

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Answer 24

osmotic pressure on outside of capillary created by protein content of IF.

Question 25

Filtration

Answer 25

movement of plasma and solutes out of the blood and into interstitium

Question 26

Reabsorption

Answer 26

movement of fluid back into capillary bed

Question 27

Edema

Answer 27

Excess interstitial fluid

Question 28

Venous flow

Answer 28

assisted by skeletal muscle contraction and respiratory pump

Question 29

Ischemia

Answer 29

Decrease in blood volume and flow