Cardiovascular System Flashcards
When does the heart form?
around week 10 of embryonic development
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
- right and left ventricles (lower)
- right and left atria (upper)
How does blood flow through the heart?
- deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the right atrium which pushes it to the right ventricle which pumps it out to the lungs
- oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium which pushes it into the left ventricle where it is pumped back out to the body via the pulmonary arteries
Which part of the right atrium is rough?
the part closest to the auricle (embryonic part)
What does the tricuspid valve allow?
a single direction of blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
What are the trabeculae carneae?
muscular ridges that help with blood flow by preventing the suction that would occur if the internal surfaces of the ventricular wall were smooth
What are the chordae tendineae?
strong, fibrous connections attached to the leaflets on the ventricular side that prevent the cusps from swinging back into the atrial cavity during systole
What do the papillary muscles do?
prevent atrioventricular valves from opening during systole
What does the bicuspid (mitral) valve allow?
oxygenated blood to travel from the left atrium into the left ventricle
What are the alternate periods of the cardiac cycle?
- systole (contraction and emptying)
- diastole (relaxation and filling)
What happens during atrial contraction and ventricular relaxation?
blood fills the ventricles
What happens during ventricular contraction?
blood is ejected from the ventricles to the outflow tracts (aorta and pulmonary trunk)
What do the 4 valves of the heart do?
control the flow of blood through the heart by opening and closing the chambers in a coordinated sequence
What are the 2 valves between the atria and ventricles?
tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral)
Which valves ensure blood exits the heart correctly?
aortic and pulmonary semilunar
Which of the 4 heart valves carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
- pulmonary (deoxygenated)
- aorta (oxygenated)
- tricuspid (deoxygenated)
- bicuspid (oxygenated)
What does contraction of the papillary muscles do?
pull the AV valves down and prevent blood from returning into the atria