Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Define heart rate

Answer 1

the number of times your heart beats per minute

Question 2

define stroke volume

Answer 2

The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat

Question 3

define cardiac output

Answer 3

The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per minute

Question 4

what is the average resting heart rate?

Answer 4

60–80 BPM

Question 5

how does the heart act as a double pump?

Answer 5

The heart act as a double pump as it transfers deoxygenated blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs and becomes oxygenated and travels back to the heart whilst also pumping blood through the body and to the muscles

Question 6

what is the pathway blood?

Answer 6

Deoxygenated blood enters through the inferior and superior vena cava and travels through a valve into the right atrium through another valve into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. the blood then travels back into the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium through a valve into the left ventricle and through another valve into the aorta which then pumps the blood to the muscles in the body

Question 7

what is the heart made up of?

Answer 7

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle fibres that contract to squeeze blood around the body

Question 8

What are the role of veins?

Answer 8

veins are responsible for transporting blood back to the heart.

Question 9

What is the role of the arteries?

Answer 9

Arteries are responsible for transporting blood away from the heart

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the arteries?

Answer 10

. Thick muscles
. Carry oxygenated blood from the heart quickly under high-pressure.
. with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood
. small internal diameter with no valves
. The pulse is located in the arteries.

Question 11

what are the characteristics of the veins?

Answer 11

. Thin muscles but has a large internal diameter
. Blood pressure is low in veins
. Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
. Pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood.
. Have valves to ensure no backflow of blood.

Question 12

what are the characteristics of the capillaries?

Answer 12

. Microscopic blood vessels linked to arteries and veins
. One cell thick walls allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through
. Deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated in the capillaries.