cardiovascular system

Question 1

pulmonary circuit

Answer 1

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 2

systemic circuit

Answer 2

carries oxygenated blood to the body and the deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 3

myogenic

Answer 3

the hearts ability to create its own electrical impulse causing the muscular walls to contract

Question 4

conduction system order

Answer 4

• SA node (causes atrial systole), AV node (delayed to allow atrial systole to finish), bundle of His, bundle branches, purkyne fibres (causes ventricle walls to contract)

Question 5

diastole

Answer 5

• relaxing of the atrial and ventricular muscles allowing them to fill with blood
• no electrical impulse needed

Question 6

systole

Answer 6

• contracting of the atrial and ventricular muscles allowing them to pump blood out
• electrical impulse needed

Question 7

heart rate (HR)

Answer 7

number of beats per minute

Question 8

average HR values

Answer 8

• rest: 60 - 80 bpm
• exercise: 100 - max bpm

Question 9

HR value for endurance athlete

Answer 9

• rest: 30-50 bpm
• exercise: 120-max

Question 10

stroke volume (SV)

Answer 10

volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle open beat

Question 11

Frank-Starling Law/ Mechanism

Answer 11

increased venous return leads to an increased stroke volume, due to an increased stretch of the ventricle walls therefore force of contraction

Question 12

average SV values

Answer 12

• rest: 60 - 80 ml
• exercise: 100 - 120 ml

Question 13

SV values for endurance athletes

Answer 13

• rest: 100 ml
• exercise: 160 -200 ml

Question 14

cardiac output (Q)

Answer 14

• volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
• heart rate x stroke volume

Question 15

average Q values

Answer 15

• rest: 5 l/min
• exercise: 10-15 l/min (sub-max), 20-30 l/min (max)

Question 16

endurance athlete Q values

Answer 16

• rest: 5 l/min
• exercise: 15 - 20 l/min (sub-max), 30-40 l/min (max)

Question 17

heart rate response to exercise

Answer 17

• increases linearly with exercise
• plateaus during sub-max as O2 demands are met
• doesn’t plateau during max exercise
• HR line fluctuates for game players

Question 18

stroke volume response to exercise

Answer 18

• increases in proportion to exercise, increases because of increased venous return
• plateaus during sub- max because increased HR doesn’t allow the heart to fill completely
• decreases at max intensities

Question 19

cardiovascular drift

Answer 19

when stroke volume decreases due to a high HR

Question 20

cardiac output response to exercise

Answer 20

• increases linearly with exercise intensity
• plateaus as exercise intensity continues to rise to maximal because of cardiovascular drift