Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pe anatomy and physiology > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

the heart

A

pumps blood to deliver oxygen
responsible for transporting heat to the skin so a performer can cool down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to heart
right side of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

systematic circuit

A

carries oxygenated blood to rest of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart
left side of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 blood vessels

A

vena cava
pulmonary vein
pulmonary artery
aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vena cava

A

brings deoxygenated blood back to right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulmonary vein

A

delivers oxygenated blood to left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pulmonary artery

A

leaves right ventricle with deoxygenated blood to go to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aorta

A

leaves left ventricle with oxygenated blood leading to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

valves

A

regulate blood flow by ensuring it moves in only 1 direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

conduction system

A

send electrical impulses to the cardiac muscle causing it to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stage 1 of conduction system

A

sino-atrial node located in the right atrium walls
generates electrical impulse which is passed through muscular walls causing them to contract
pace maker of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stage 2 of conduction system

A

atrio ventricular node collects the impulse and delays it by 0.1s
allows atria to finish contracting
impulse released to HIS bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stage 3 of conduction system

A

the HIS bundle is located in the septum
splits the impulse into 2, ready to be distributed into each ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stage 4 of conduction system

A

the bundle branches carry the impulse to the bottom of each ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stage 5 of conduction system

A

the purkinje fibres distribute the impulse to the ventricles causing them to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

oxygenated blood

A

blood cell
high proportion of oxygen
low co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood cell
low proportion of oxygen
high co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 parts of the neural control system

A

chemoreceptors
baroreceptors
proprioceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detect chemical changes in the blood stream
higher co2= higher blood pressure= higher HR
found in aortic bridge and carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

baroreceptors

A

inform ccc of increased blood pressure in blood vessel walls
increase/decrease below set point result in baroreceptors sending signals to medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

proprioceptor

A

sensory nerve endings located in muscles, tendons, joints
inform ccc of motor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

increase HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

parasympathetic system

A

decrease HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does it mean if the cardiac cycle is myogenic
heat initiates its own muscle contractions automatically
26
cardiac output
quantity of blood pumped by heart per minute
27
hormonal control
adrenaline and noradrenaline are released which increase speed and force contraction which increases stroke volume Speed up the speed of electrical activity in the heart which increases Hr.
28
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction
29
what does stroke volume depend on
venous return elasticity of cardiac fibres
30
venous return
volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins increase VR= increase SV
31
elasticity of cardiac fibres
degree of the stretch of cardiac tissue during diastole phase of cardiac cycle
32
starlings law
How stroke volume is dependent on venous return With more blood returning to the heart, the ventricle walls stretch and eject a larger volume of blood per beat with a higher concentration
33
heart rate
number of times the heart beats per minute
34
average HR
72bpm
35
max HR
220- age
36
maximal effort in sport
high intensity anaerobic exercise pushes a performer to their maximum
37
sub-maximal effort in sport
low/moderate intensity aerobic exercise
38
term is someone's HR is below 60
bradycardia
39
factors that affect resting HR
genetics gender fitness
40
cardiac hypertrophy
thickening of the muscle wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger stronger heart= more blood pumped
41
HR response to exercise at sub-maximal effort
rapid increase in HR once exercise has begun HR plateaus before an initial rapid decrease once exercise has stopped
42
anaerobic HR zone
85-100%
43
aerobic endurance
60-85%
44
HR response to exercise at maximal effort
Rise in hr due to adrenaline before exercise (anticipatory rise) No plateau due to intensity is always increasing Hr constantly rising until exhaustion where it drops
45
what is the septum
partition between the right side and the left side of the heart. ensures oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix
46
what happens during atrial diastole
As the atria and ventricles relax, they expand which draws blood into the atria. The pressure in the atria increases opening the AV Blood then enter the atria. Semi-lunar valves are closed to prevent blood from leaving the heart.
47
what happens during atrial systole
atria contacts forcing the blood into the ventricles
48
what is ventricular systole
ventricles contract which increases the pressure, closes the AV valves to prevent backflow into into atria. semi-lunar valves are forced open
49
equation for cardiac output
SV X HR
50
what is hypertrophy
enlarged cardiac muscles as a result of exercise
51
structural features of arteries
large layer of smooth muscle small lumen high pressure
52
functions of arteries
transport blood away from heart smooth muscle allows for vasodilation and vasoconstriction
53
veins
valves which prevent backflow large lumen transports deoxygenated blood from the muscles and organs back to heart
54
capillaries
thin, i cell thick help with gaseous exchange and diffusion helps waste exchange
55
smooth muscle mechanism
layer of smooth muscle in vein wall vasoconstricts to aid the movement of blood
56
venous return mechanisms
skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump pocket valve smooth muscle gravity
57
respiratory pump
muscles contract and relax during breathing in/out, pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, compress nearly by veins and assist blood return to the heart
58
Pocket valves
Located in veins Prevent back flow of blood
59
Smooth muscle
In vein wall Venoconstricts to aid movement of blood
60
Gravity
Helps blood return to the heart from upper body
61
What does blood consist of
45% cells 55% plasma Transports nutrients Regulate body temperature
62
Blood pooling
Blood sits in pocket valves, Happens if stop exercising suddenly Prevent do a cool down
63
Vascular shunt mechanism
Redistribution of blood from one area of body to another
63
Vasodilation
Arterioles dilate Allows maximum blood flow through capillary bed
64
Vasoconstriction
Constricts limiting blood flow through capillary beds
65
Pre- capillary sphincters
Rings of smooth muscle that can contract and dilate which controls blood flow through capillary beds
66
What happens when sphincters vasodilate
More blood travels through capillary bed at once, increase surface area for gaseous exchange
67
What controls the vascular shunt mechanism
Vasomotor control centre
68
CCC
cardiac control centre
69
Thermorecepters
Detect an increase in blood temperature and inform the CCC
70
Formulae for blood pressure
Blood flow x resistance
71
When is blood at high pressure
Heart contracts
72
Typical blood flow reading
120mmhg/80 Top number = systole Bottom number = diastole
73
What helps assist disassociation of blood
Temperature increase Blood PH drops Partial pressure of co2 increases
74
Transportation of oxygen during exercise
Diffuses into the capillaries supplying skeletal muscles 79% combines with hemoglobin forming oxyhaemoglobin
75
Haemoglobin
Carry 4 oxygen molecules Occurs when high pressure of oxygen in blood Muscle - oxygen stored by myoglobin for mitochondria Fissures - oxygen released from haemoglobin due to low pressure of oxygen
76
Heart disease
Coronary arteries become blocked or start to narrow by fatty acids
77
Causes of heart disease
Lack of exercise Smoking
78
Stroke
Blood supply to the brain is cut off, brain cells start to die
79
Types of stokes
Ischaemic stroke - most common, blood clot stops blood supply Haemorrhagic stroke - weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts

pe anatomy and physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions