Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 210 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

F=

A

delta P /R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

R =

A

8Ln/pir^4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

EF= ejection fraction

A

SV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SV= and typical value

A

EDV-ESV, 70-75 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CO=

A

HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MAP =

A

CO x TPR cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PP =

A

SP-DP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

to have flow

A

delta P > R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure the volume of blood that is exerted on the walls of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hemodynamics

A

it is the difference in pressure that creates flow, no change in pressure means no flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What factors determine resistance

A

viscosity, length and diameter of blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hematocrit

A

number of RBC in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what factor has the greatest effect on blood resistance

A

radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

functions of cardiovascular system

A

deliver O2 and remove waste products
fast chemical signalling
thermoregulation
inflammatory and host defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Components of Cardiovascular System

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arterioles

A

small branching vessels with high resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

capillaires

A

transport of blood from small arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Veins

A

carry blood toward heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atria

A

thin walled, low pressure, receive blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ventricles

A

thick walled, forward propulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Apex

A

lowest superficial surface of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Septa

A

interatrial wall separates atriums
interventricular wall separates ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

left side

A

pumps oxygenated blood to systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

right side

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

deoxygenated blood enters lungs and leaves oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

systemic circuit

A

oxygenated blood enters muscles and leaves deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blood Cycle

A

oxygenated blood leaves lungs and enters blood through pulmonary vein into left atrium, AV valve, left ventricle, aortic valve to aorta to body, deoxygenated blood comes to vena cava through veins into the right atrium, right AV valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

exception to the parallel flow

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pericardium

A

fibrous sac surrounding hearts and roots of vessels, stabilizes the heart, protection , reduce friction, limits overfilling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer, holds chest in place, limits space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pariteal pericardium

A

middle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

visceral pericardium

A

innermost layer, contact with heart muscle also the epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pericardial activity

A

separates pariteal and visceral, decreasing friction with fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

serous layer

A

secretes fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium leading to fluid accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of heart chambers from accumulation of fluid, limits space and less blood can fill up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ventricular walls

A

increased thickness allows higher pressure to be built in left, right only pumps to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

ventricles have a thicker _____ than the atria

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

which has a thicker myocardium? left or right?

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

myocyte

A

y shaped, joined longitudinally by intercalated disks, striated, 1 nucleus, mito rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

desmosomes

A

cadherins attach to each other, plaques, intermediate filaments, hold when stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

gap junctions

A

connexons help communicate electrically through ions, important for AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

left AV valve

A

mitral or bicuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

right AV valve

A

tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

aortic valve

A

valve between left ventricle arota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

pulmonary valve

A

right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

function of valves

A

ensure unidirectional flow, open and close passively from pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what is happening when the valve is in a closed position

A

papillary muscles have contracted pulling on the chordae tendinae that become tight and close the cusps
DO NOT CLOSE OR OPEN THAT IS PASSIVE

49
Q

semilunar valves

A

open and close from pressure difference no muscles involved

50
Q

coronary arteries

A

arteries supplying the blood

51
Q

coronary veins

A

drain into the coronary sinus

52
Q

coronary sinus

A

collection of veins that collects deoxygenated from myocardium and empties into right ventricle

53
Q

systole

A

left and right ventricles contract and eject blood, flow almost ceases

54
Q

diastole

A

ventricles are relaxed not moving, flow peaks and blood filling

55
Q

atheroscerlosis

A

buildup of plaque and diameter of arteries narrows increasing resistance

56
Q

angina

A

plaque on coronary artery

57
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack, plaques completely block

58
Q

contractile cells

A

perform mechanical work of pumping blood, do not initiate own AP

59
Q

conducting cells

A

initiate and conduct AP, electrical contact through gap junctions

60
Q

cardiac skeleton

A

non conducting, AP will NOT pass through it

61
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker, initiates AP setting heart rate,

62
Q

atrioventricular node

A

100 msec delay, delay ensures that atria depolarize before ventricles

63
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

diffuse distribution of stimulus for fast conduction

64
Q

conduction of the heart

A

SA node to internodal to AV node to Bundle of HIS to right and left bundles branches to Purkinje to ventricular myocardium

65
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

bypass of AV node through accessory pathway, causing tachycardia

66
Q

where does lymph flow

A

right atrium

67
Q

true or false: lymphatic capillaries closed ended

A

true

68
Q

compliance

A

the ability of a vessel to swell with increasing transmural pressure

69
Q

systolic

A

maximum arterial pressure reached at peak ventricular ejection

70
Q

diastole

A

the maximum arterial pressure reached just before ventricular ejection

71
Q

arterial pressure calculation

A

SP/DP

72
Q

MAP

A

pressure driving blood into tissues

73
Q

MAP decreases as …

A

distance from heart increases

74
Q

pulsatile

A

blood pressure is maximal during systole and minimal during diastole

75
Q

largest drop in pressure occurs in and why

A

arterioles, very small radius and highest resistance

76
Q

short term regulation of MAP

A

seconds to hours, baroreceptors, adjusts by ANS

77
Q

long term regulation

A

adjust blood volume, restore normal salt levels by urine and thirst

78
Q

arterial baroreceptors

A

mechanoreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure when walls of vessel stretch or relax

79
Q

the rate of what is directly proportional to MAP

A

rate of discharge of carotid sinus receptor

80
Q

when there is an increase in MAP what happens

A

increase in pressure leads to increase in baroreceptors that signal medullary cardiovascular center to decrease sympathetic activity and increase parasympathetic activity

81
Q

fast action potentials

A

contractile myocytes in atrial and ventricular myocardium, bundle branches, bundle of his, purkinje fibres

82
Q

slow AP

A

conducting myocytes in sinoatrial and atrioventicular nodes

83
Q

phases of slow AP

A

pacemaker potential, depolarization, repolarization

84
Q

pacemaker potential

A

gradual depolarization of membrane potential to threshold

85
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of atria

86
Q

QRS complex

A

3 peaks, depolarization of ventricles, atria repolarize

87
Q

T wave

A

repolarization of ventricles

88
Q

what is happening in the heart if every second P wave there is no QRS complex?

A

partial AV node block, atria to ventricle

89
Q

what do you see in a ECG if there a complete AV block

A

there is no synchrony

90
Q

T-tubules

A

invaginations of sarcolemma, mostly L type channels

91
Q

remember process with ryanodine receptors

A

KNOW THIS WELL MENTIONED LIKE 400 TIMES

92
Q

2 main things that remove Ca2+

A

Na-Ca exchanger, ATPase

93
Q

Refractory period

A

during and after an action potential which an excitable membrane cannot be excited

94
Q

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

A

when ventricles contract all valves close and blood volume remains the same so the pressure builds

95
Q

ventricular ejection phase

A

pressure in ventricles is greater than arteries so when the valves open, blood ejects into artery

96
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected during systole, all blood is not ejected

97
Q

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

A

all heart valves are closed, blood volume is constant and pressures drop

98
Q

passive ventricular filling

A

AV valves open, blood flows into ventricles from atria passively both atria and ventricles are relaxed but atria are full of blood so they have a higher pressure

99
Q

atrial contraction

A

completes ventricular filling

100
Q

why do you hear lub and what phase is it?

A

AV valves closing , isovolumetric contraction

101
Q

Dub is what in what phase

A

sound is semilunar valves closing, ventricular diastole

102
Q

stentotic valve

A

valve does not completely open, narrow opening

103
Q

insuffienciency

A

valve does not completely close

104
Q

how do you increase heart rate

A

increase epinephrine release and decrease ach release

105
Q

3 factors affecting stroke volume

A

EDV preload, contractibility, afterload

106
Q

how do we fill ventricles with more blood

A

increase venous return

107
Q

frank starling mechanism

A

increase EDV increases SV, matches output

108
Q

continuous capillaries

A

complete with tight junctions bw cells, lowest permeabilities

109
Q

fenestrated capillaires

A

pores penetrate lining, rapid exchange of water

110
Q

sinusoidal capillaries

A

large gaps, membrane thin or absent

111
Q

bulk flow

A

movement of protein free plasma across capillary wall

112
Q

what results in complete ejection of end diastolic volume?

A

sympathetic stimulation

113
Q

afterload increases, SV …..

A

decreases

114
Q

elastic arteries

A

elastic fibers and few muscle cells, aorta and trunk

115
Q

muscular arteries

A

many smooth muscle cells, few elastic fibers

116
Q

extrinsic factors for basal tone

A

external to organ/tissue and alter whole body eg.MAP, nerves, hormones

117
Q

intrinsic factors

A

local controls independent of nerves and hormones

118
Q

active hyperemia

A

local control that acts to increase blood flow when metabolic activity increases

119
Q

flow autoregulation

A

locally mediated changes to arterial resistance

Physiology 210 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions