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Anatomy > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cardiovascular system consist of

A

the heart
blood vessels

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2
Q

what is the fuction of the cardiovascular system

A

transport of blood to and from tissues

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3
Q

what does the blood transport

A

it transports o2 and nutrients to the tissues
and co2 and waste products to the lungs and kidneys for removal

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4
Q

what is the structure of the heart { tip from outside inward }

A

1 the heart is surrounded by a thin membrane called pericardium
2 the heart has two upper chamber called atria which have ear like projections called auricle and are sepparated by interatrial septum
3 and two lower chambers call ventricles that are separated by interventerical septum

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5
Q

locate the heart

A

in the middle of the thorax
above diaphragm
slightly to the left

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6
Q

what is portal circulation

A

the circulation between two sets of capillaries

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7
Q

where could portal circulation be found

A

between the digestive tract and the liver
in pitutarry gland

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8
Q

what happens in portal circulation in intestinal tract

A

blood from the stomach , spleen , pancreas and intestine don’t go directly to the heart but drain into the liver via a portal vien
the portal vein then branches into capillaries in the liver which then drain in the hepatic vein then into infrior vena cava the the right atrium

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9
Q

what is a systemic vein

A

a vein that starts with a cappilary and end with a bigger vein

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10
Q

what is a portal vein

A

a vein the starts by a cappilary and end with a capillary

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11
Q

what are arterries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart and distribute it to tissues through branches

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12
Q

what are the types of arteries

A

anastomotic arteries
end arteries
wavy arteries

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13
Q

what are anastomotic arteries

A

arteries whose terminal branches communicate with those of adjacent arteries

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14
Q

what is the function of anastomotic arteries

A

they provide collateral circulation when an artery becomes occluded

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15
Q

site of anastomotic arteries

A

around the joints of the limbs
in hand and foot
at the base of the brain
in abdomen

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16
Q

what are end arteries

A

they are arteries whose terminal branches do’t anastomose with adjacent arteries

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17
Q

what is the problem with end arteries

A

their occlusion disrupt the blood supply to that organ leading to ischemia and infarction

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18
Q

sites of end arteries

A

retinal and renal arteries
cerebral and coronary arteries

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19
Q

what are wavy arteries

A

they are arteries with a wavy course as they lead to an expansible or moving organ

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20
Q

sites of wavy arteries

A

facial artery
splenic artery
uterine artery
lingual artery
{ falus }

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21
Q

what are the types of veins with locations

A

superficial viens :superficial fascia
deep veins : accompanies arteries
dural sinuses : in the skull between dural layers

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22
Q

give one difference between arteries and vein

A

arteries are divided into branches
but veins are collected from tributaries

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23
Q

what are capillaries

A

they are simple vascular endothelial network between venules and arterioloes

24
Q

why does capillaries have very thin walls

A

to allow / facilitate the exchange of co2 , o2 , nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue fluid

25
Q

where are capillaries absent

A

cartilage
cornea
epidermis of the skin

26
Q

another name for shunt vessel

A

arteriovenous anastomosis

27
Q

what is arteriovenous anastomosis

A

direst communitation between arteriole and venule PROXIMAL to capillaries

28
Q

sites of shunt vessel

A

intestine
derms of the skin
erictile tissue in sex organ
tip of the tongue , nose , tips and euricle of the ear

29
Q

what is the function of shunt intestine

A

to regulate the rate of absorption

30
Q

function of shunt in erictile tissue

A

regulate erection

31
Q

function of shunt in dermis of the skin

A

regulate body temp

32
Q

what are blood sinusoids

A

wide tubular spaces lined incompletely with phagocytic cells

33
Q

where are blood sinusoids found

A

liver
spleen
bone marrow

34
Q

what systems is the lymphatic system part of

A

circulatory system
immune system

35
Q

what is lymph

A

a clear water like extracellular fluid

36
Q

what is the function of lymph

A

1 drainage of extracellular tissue fluid into blood stream
2 removal of tissue debris and microorganisms

37
Q

how is lymph formed

A

1 blood flow from arterioles to cappillaries fluid leaks from capillaries carrying o2 and nutrients
2 metabolism takes place usig o2 and nutrients and produces co2 and waste products whch diffuses back into the venus side of the capillaries
3 the remaining fluid in the extra spaces { extracellular fluid } is reabsorbed by lymph capillaries back to venous system

38
Q

what is lacteal

A

lymph capillaries that recieve absorbed fat from the small intestine

39
Q

what are lymph capillaries

A

a network of fine blind ended capillaries

40
Q

lymphatics are absent in

A

cns
teeth
bone marrow
cornea

41
Q

what is lymph vessel

A

a group of lymph capillaries join together to form a thin walled vessel

42
Q

what are lymph ducts

A

the lymph vessels unite to form lymphatic duct

43
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain blood from and where does it end

A

from :
right side of the neck
right side of the head
right side of thorax
right upper limb
end in : th ejunction between right subclavian vein and internal jagular vein

44
Q

what does the thoracic duct drain blood from and where does it end

A

the rest of the body
begin in the abdomen as cisterna cyli and ascends through thorax
end in the junction between left sub clavian vein and internal jagular vein

45
Q

what are lymph nodes

A

small oval bodies of lymphatic tissues along lymphatic vessels thrpugh which lymph is filter

46
Q

what are the functions of lymphatic nodes

A

filterig stations
formstion of lymphocytes
formation of antibodies

47
Q

what are the important group of lymph nodes

A

axillary
cervical
mediastinal
aortic
iliac

48
Q

what is axillary Ln for

A

breast and upper limb

49
Q

what is mediastinal Ln for

A

thorax

50
Q

what is cervical Ln for

A

head and neck

51
Q

what is aortic Ln for

A

abdomen

52
Q

what is iliac Ln for

A

pelvis

53
Q

what is lymphoid tissue

A

collection of lymphoid tissue other than lymoh node

54
Q

what is the function of lymphoid tissue

A

defense mechanism for the body

55
Q

what is veins made of and spony bone made of

A

vein tirbutaries
spongy trabiculae

56
Q

ex of lymphoid tissues

A

palatine tonsils
adenoid
thymus
spleen

57
Q

el spleen feeh talat 7agat eeh homma

A

lymphoid tissue
blood sinusoid
wavy arteries

Anatomy (8 decks)

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