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Anatomy > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is bone

A

Calcified connective tissue

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2
Q

How many bones in the body

A

206

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3
Q

What are the functions of the bones

A

1 gives the body shape and support
2 provide attachment to ligaments and muscles
3 long bones act as lever for muscles to move joints
4 locomotion
5 hematopoiesis in bone marrow
6 reservoirs for ions ( calcium and phosphorus )
7 protects vital organs

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4
Q

What bones are classified as axial skeleton

A

1 skull
2 vertebral column
3 sternum
4 ribs

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5
Q

What parts form the skull

A

1 cranium
2 mandible

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are in vertebral column

A

32 - 33

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7
Q

What are the regions in vertebral column

A

1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar
4 sacrum
5 coccyx

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8
Q

How many vertebrae on cervical

A

7

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9
Q

How many vertebrae in thoracic

A

12

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10
Q

How many vertebrae in lumbar

A

5

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11
Q

How many vertebrae in sacrum

A

5

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12
Q

How many vertebrae in coccyx

A

3-4

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13
Q

What vertebrae regions have fused bones

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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14
Q

How many ribs are there

A

12 pairs

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15
Q

How many pairs of ribs are connected to vertebral column and the sternum

A

7

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16
Q

How many rib pairs are connected to the seventh rib pair

A

3

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17
Q

How many rib pairs are only connected to the vertebral column

A

2

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18
Q

What is the proximal bone in the arm

A

Humerus

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19
Q

What are the bones in the forearm

A

Radius and ulna

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20
Q

Describe the position of ulna and radius related to each other

A

Ulna is medial
Radius is lateral

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21
Q

How many carpals are there

A

8

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22
Q

How many metacarpals are there

A

5

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23
Q

How many phalanges in the hand

A

14

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24
Q

What bones are the arm connected to

A

Scapula
Clavicle

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25
Q

What is the position of clavicle and scapula related to each other

A

Scapula is posterior
Clavicle is anterior

26
Q

What are the bones in the shoulder girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle

27
Q

What is the proximal bone in the lower limb

A

Femur

28
Q

What are the bones in the leg

A

Tibia
Fibula

29
Q

What are the position of tibia and fibula related to each other

A

Tibia is midial
Fibula is lateral

30
Q

How many tarsals are there

A

7

31
Q

What bones are in the leg girdle

A

Hip bone

32
Q

examples of long bones

A

all limbs bones but carpals and tarsals

33
Q

examples of short bones

A

carpals and tarsals

34
Q

example of flat bones

A

skull cap
sterum
ribs
scapula
clavicle

35
Q

examples of irregular bones

A

bones at the base of the skull
vertebrae
hip bone

36
Q

what are pneumatic bones

A

they are bones with air spaces in them

37
Q

examples of pneumatic bones

A

bones of the face
maxilla
frontal

38
Q

what are sesamoid bones

A

they are bones that develop in the tendon of a muscle

39
Q

examples of sesamoid bones

A

patella
fabella
pisiform

40
Q

what are the examples of bones according to ossification

A

intracartilignous { endochondral }
intra membranous

41
Q

explain the route of intracartilagnous bones

A

condensed MESENCHYMAL ** *TISSUE to cartilage then to bone

42
Q

examples of itracartilignous bones

A

all bones except skull cap , bones of the face and shaft of the clavicle

43
Q

explain the route of intramembranous bones

A

condensed mesenchymal tissue into bones

44
Q

examples of intra membranous bones

A

bones of the face
skull cap
shaft of clavicle

45
Q

what are compact bones

A

they are dense ivory like bones

46
Q

location of compact bone

A

cortex of long bones

47
Q

what are spongy { cancellous } bones

A

they are made of networks of bone trabeculae separated by intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow

48
Q

location of spongy bone

A

epiphysis of long bones

49
Q

what is epiphysis

A

the end of a long bone

50
Q

what is epiphyseal plate

A

plate of hyaline cartilage hat separates the epiphysis from the shaft

51
Q

function of epiphyseal plate

A

its responsible for growth of bone in length as it ossifyes with age forming epiphyseal line

52
Q

what does epiphyseal plate form after it ossifies

A

epiphyseal line

53
Q

what is the diaphysis

A

a cylinder of compact bone that surrounds a cavity called medullar cavity which is filled with red bone marrow

54
Q

what is metaphysis

A

the part of diaphysis that is closest to the epiphyseal plate

55
Q

what is periosteum

A

it is a fibrous membrane that surround the bone from the outside

56
Q

what is the function of periosteum

A

growh of bone width

57
Q

what covers the epiphysis

A

articular hayaline cartilage

58
Q

what supplies the long bones with blood

A

nutrient atrteries
epiphyseal arteries
metphyseal arteries
periosteal arteries

59
Q

what supplies short bones with blood

A

periosteal arteries

60
Q

how does articular cartilage obtain nutrients

A

from synovial fluid

Anatomy (8 decks)

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