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A Level PE revision (Y1) > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs and oxygenated blood to heart

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2
Q

Systematic circuit

A

Carried oxygenated blood to body and deoxygenated to the heart

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3
Q

Structure of heart

A

-Double pump protected by ribs
-Left side gas thicker wall for larger force of contraction so O2 blood flows through systematic circuit to organs/ muscles
-Right side contracts to send deoxygenated blood through pulmonary system to lungs
-Atrioventricular and semi lunar valves

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4
Q

Path of blood- left side

A

-Oxygenated blood comes from lungs to heart in pulmonary vein
-Blood moves from LA to LV through AV (bicuspid) valve
-Contraction forces blood into aorta- to muscles and organs

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5
Q

Path of blood- right side

A

-Deoxygenated blood carried through vena cava to right atrium
-RA to RV through atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
-RV to pulmonary artery
-Pulmonary artery to lungs

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6
Q

Myogenic

A

Heart creates its own impulse in order to contract

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7
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Contraction of cardiac muscle and movement of blood through chambers

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8
Q

Diastole

A

-Relaxation phase of heart
-Fills with blood

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9
Q

Systole

A

-Contraction phase of the heart
-Blood moves into aorta and Pulmonary Artery

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10
Q

Cardiac cycle- diastole

A

-Chambers relax and expand as they fill with blood
-Pressure in atria increases- forcing Atrio Ventricular valve open
-Ventricles fill
-Semilunar valve closed to prevent blood leaving

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11
Q

Cardiac cycle- atrial systole

A

-Atria contract to force remaining blood to ventricles

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12
Q

Cardiac cycle- ventricular systole

A

-Ventricles contract- closing AV valve
-SL valve forced open
-Blood ejected into aorta and PA

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13
Q

Heart Rate

A

-Number of time heart beats per minute (72bpm)
-Lower it is = more efficient
-HRmax= 220-age
-> affected by age, gender, genetics + fitness

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14
Q

Bradycardia

A

Resting HR below 60bpm

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15
Q

Stroke volume

A

-Volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat
-Usually 70ml
-Occurs during ventricular systole

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16
Q

Cardiac output

A

-Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute
-CO (L/MIN) = HR X SV

17
Q

HR for trained and untrained

A

Untrained - 70-72 bpm
Trained - 50bpm

18
Q

SV for trained and untrained at rest

A

Untrained - 70ml
Trained- 100ml

19
Q

Cardiac Output for trained and untrained at rest

A

5l/min for both

20
Q

Sub- maximal

A

-Low/ moderate intensity
-Below anaerobic threshold
-Aerobic work

21
Q

Maximal

A

-High intensity
-Above aerobic capacity
-Fatigue + anaerobic work

22
Q

HR response to sub maximal exercise

A

-Increases in line with intensity
-Plateaus as HR reaches steady state
->demand for O2 delivery and waste removal met

23
Q

HR response to maximal exercise

A

-Increases in line with intensity
-Does not plateau as HR continues to increase
->demand for O2 and waste removal not met

24
Q

HR response to exercise- sub max graph

A

-Initial anticipatory rise due to adrenaline
-Rapid increase in HR to increase blood flow and O2 delivery
-Steady HR throughout as demand met
-Initial rapid decrease in recovery
-More gradual decrease to resting level

25
Q

HR response to exercise- max graph

A

-Initial anticipatory rise due to adrenaline
-No plateau as demand not met
-More gradual decrease during recovery

26
Q

HR response to dynamic sports

A

-Fluctuates as intensity varies

27
Q

SV response to exercise

A

-Increases in proportion to intensity until 40-60% of working capacity- plateaus
-Plateau during sub max due to:
->increase HR toward max doesn’t allow enough time for ventricles to fully fill- Limits Frank Starling mech
-SV maintained in early stages of recovery to maintain blood flow and decrease stress of cardiac muscle
->because HR rapidly decreases

28
Q

SV able to increase during exercise due to…

A

-Increased venous return (volume of blood that returns to heart)
-Frank starling mechanism

29
Q

Frank Starling Mechanism

A

-Increased venous return= increased end diastolic volume
-Therefore, increase stretch of ventricle walls
- Increased force of muscular contraction = larger vol of blood ejected from heart
-> lower HR = more time to maximise effect

30
Q

Cardiac Output response to exercise

A

-Combination of HR and SV
-Increases with intensity but plateaus during maximal
-Rapid then slower decrease during recovery

31
Q

HR for untrained performer rest, sub max and max

A

Rest - 70-72
Sub Maximal - 100-120
Maximal - 220-age

32
Q

SV for untrained performer rest, sub max and max

A

Rest - 70ml
Sub Maximal - 100-120ml
Maximal - 120-200ml

33
Q

Cardiac Output for untrained performer rest, sub max and max

A

Rest - 5l/min
Sub Maximal -10-15l/min
Maxima l- 20-30l/min

A Level PE revision (Y1) (7 decks)

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