Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is heart rate
The number of times the heart beats the minute (approx. 72bpm)
What is stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle let beat (approx 70ml)
What is cardiac output
Volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per minute
HR x SV=Q
What is bradycardia
A resting HR below 60bpm
What does Stroke Volume depend on
- Increased venous return- The volume of blood that returns from the body to the heart
- Starlings law- SV relies on venous return. Blood means to the atrium, ejecting a large value of blood into ventricles
What is Starling’s Law
- An increase volume of blood returning to the heart
- Increased diastolic volume in ventricles with stretches ventricle walls
- Greater stretch increases force of ventricular contraction
- Large volume of blood elected from the ventricles
Small VR = Less stretch = Less force of contraction = Smaller SV
What is ejection fraction
– The % of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat
– The greater the contractility of cardiac tissue, the greater the force of contraction
EF= SV/ End diastolic volume
What is the Cardiac Conduction System
The SAN starts the sequence by causing the atrial muscles to contract
The signal travels to the AVN (Atrial systole), through the bundle of HIS, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract. (Ventricular systole)
What does the SAN do
Sets the Heart Rate
What is the AVN
Specialised Node to pick up impulse from SAN
What is the Purkinje Fibres
Specialised cells that receive impulse and allow it to spread through the ventricles
What is the bundle of his
Specialised bundle of nerve tissue located in the septum which passes the electrical impulse through the septum.
Define Health
State of physical mental emotional and social well being
How does sport help emotional health
Physical activity can release endorphins, which relieves stress
How does sport help social health
In team sports you have the opportunity to meet new people
How does sport help mental health
As you make a lot of decisions, it will improve your mental capacity so cognitive tasks are done easily
How does sport help physical health
- Raise Her and blood flow
- Reduces risk of fatty acids
- Muscle hyperthrophy
What is cholesterol
It’s a fatty substance that required for chemical processes in the body. But too much can increase people’s risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks or strokes
What is high density lipoprotein
‘Good Cholesterol’ that takes cholesterol from cells to liver for breakdown
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
‘Bad cholesterol’ that delivers cholesterol from liver to cell for use
How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of coronary heart disease
It causes blood vessels to rupture and cause a heart attack
What does Cardiac hypertrophy cause
- More forceful contractions
- Increased SV and CO
- Increased ejection fraction
- Bradycardia
- Increased capillarisation
What causes change in HR
- -Exercise
- Increased acidity
- Impulses to medulla
- Sympathetic nerves
- -
What is partial pressure
The measure of how much of a particular gas is filling a particular space
Gas will flow from are of high pp to low pp
What is the oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve
The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shows how the hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, is related to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
What is pre-anticipatory rise
Increase of adrenaline before exercise which helps prepare the body by increasing O2 supply to the muscles
What is Vascular Shunt
- There’s a high demand of blood for working muscles, so blood vessels dilate to increase flow.
- Pre-Capillary sphinctes- are rings of tissue at blood vessel. When contracted the kick off the proceeding vessels and there’s limited blood flow to the areas that vessel
What are the 2 types of intrinsic control
- Venous Return- causes changes in cardiac performance. If more blood it returning, that allows it to eject more per contraction
- Thermoreceptors- detect changes in blood and muscle temp
What the 3 types of neural control
- Baroreceptors- detect stretch and pressure changes in blood vessel
- Proprioceptors- detect movement and stretch in muscles
- Chemoreceptors- detect changes in PP O2 and PP CO2
What the 3 types of hormonal control
- -Adrenaline- is released due to stress and increases HR and contribute strength
- Noradrenaline- increases the transmission speed of nerve impulses
- Acetylcholine- decreases the transmission speed of nerve impulses
