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Pe - Section A > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats the minute (approx. 72bpm)

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2
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle let beat (approx 70ml)

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3
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per minute

HR x SV=Q

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4
Q

What is bradycardia

A

A resting HR below 60bpm

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5
Q

What does Stroke Volume depend on

A
    • Increased venous return- The volume of blood that returns from the body to the heart
    • Starlings law- SV relies on venous return. Blood means to the atrium, ejecting a large value of blood into ventricles
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6
Q

What is Starling’s Law

A
    • An increase volume of blood returning to the heart
    • Increased diastolic volume in ventricles with stretches ventricle walls
    • Greater stretch increases force of ventricular contraction
    • Large volume of blood elected from the ventricles

Small VR = Less stretch = Less force of contraction = Smaller SV

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7
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

– The % of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat
– The greater the contractility of cardiac tissue, the greater the force of contraction
EF= SV/ End diastolic volume

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8
Q

What is the Cardiac Conduction System

A

The SAN starts the sequence by causing the atrial muscles to contract
The signal travels to the AVN (Atrial systole), through the bundle of HIS, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract. (Ventricular systole)

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9
Q

What does the SAN do

A

Sets the Heart Rate

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10
Q

What is the AVN

A

Specialised Node to pick up impulse from SAN

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11
Q

What is the Purkinje Fibres

A

Specialised cells that receive impulse and allow it to spread through the ventricles

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12
Q

What is the bundle of his

A

Specialised bundle of nerve tissue located in the septum which passes the electrical impulse through the septum.

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12
Q

Define Health

A

State of physical mental emotional and social well being

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13
Q

How does sport help emotional health

A

Physical activity can release endorphins, which relieves stress

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14
Q

How does sport help social health

A

In team sports you have the opportunity to meet new people

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15
Q

How does sport help mental health

A

As you make a lot of decisions, it will improve your mental capacity so cognitive tasks are done easily

16
Q

How does sport help physical health

A
    • Raise Her and blood flow
    • Reduces risk of fatty acids
    • Muscle hyperthrophy
17
Q

What is cholesterol

A

It’s a fatty substance that required for chemical processes in the body. But too much can increase people’s risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks or strokes

18
Q

What is high density lipoprotein

A

‘Good Cholesterol’ that takes cholesterol from cells to liver for breakdown

19
Q

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol

A

‘Bad cholesterol’ that delivers cholesterol from liver to cell for use

20
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of coronary heart disease

A

It causes blood vessels to rupture and cause a heart attack

21
Q

What does Cardiac hypertrophy cause

A
    • More forceful contractions
    • Increased SV and CO
    • Increased ejection fraction
    • Bradycardia
    • Increased capillarisation
22
Q

What causes change in HR

A
  • -Exercise
    • Increased acidity
    • Impulses to medulla
    • Sympathetic nerves
  • -
23
Q

What is partial pressure

A

The measure of how much of a particular gas is filling a particular space
Gas will flow from are of high pp to low pp

24
Q

What is the oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve

A

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shows how the hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, is related to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.

25
Q

What is pre-anticipatory rise

A

Increase of adrenaline before exercise which helps prepare the body by increasing O2 supply to the muscles

26
Q

What is Vascular Shunt

A
    • There’s a high demand of blood for working muscles, so blood vessels dilate to increase flow.
    • Pre-Capillary sphinctes- are rings of tissue at blood vessel. When contracted the kick off the proceeding vessels and there’s limited blood flow to the areas that vessel
27
Q

What are the 2 types of intrinsic control

A
    • Venous Return- causes changes in cardiac performance. If more blood it returning, that allows it to eject more per contraction
    • Thermoreceptors- detect changes in blood and muscle temp
28
Q

What the 3 types of neural control

A
    • Baroreceptors- detect stretch and pressure changes in blood vessel
    • Proprioceptors- detect movement and stretch in muscles
    • Chemoreceptors- detect changes in PP O2 and PP CO2
29
Q

What the 3 types of hormonal control

A
  • -Adrenaline- is released due to stress and increases HR and contribute strength
    • Noradrenaline- increases the transmission speed of nerve impulses
    • Acetylcholine- decreases the transmission speed of nerve impulses

Pe - Section A (11 decks)

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