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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydraulic equation of Hypertension

A

BP=CO x PVR

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2
Q

Volume of blood pumped out by the VENTRICLE PER MINUTE

A

Cardiac output

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3
Q

Volume of blood pumped out by the VENTRICLE PER CONTRACTION/BEAT
(ml/beat)

A

Stroke volume

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4
Q

It is the heart conductivity

A

Heart rate

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5
Q

Determinants of stroke volume
Heart rate

A

+ Chronotrope increase HR, SV, CO, BP

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6
Q

Strength or force of contraction

A

Inotropy

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7
Q

Determinants of stroke volume
Inotropy

A

+ Inotrope increase SV, CO, BP

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8
Q

Volume of blood in the ventricles PRIOR TO CONTRACTION

A

Preload/ End diastolic volume

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9
Q

Carries blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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10
Q

Venoconstriction
Venous capacitance is
Blood is
Preload

A

Reduced
Mobilized
Increase

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11
Q

Venodilation
Venous capacitance is
Blood is
Preload

A

Increased
De-mobilized
Decrease

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12
Q

Fluid content of blood

A

Blood volume

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13
Q

Increase fluid content=

A

Increase preload (Blood is more bulky)

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14
Q

Increase Blood Volume=

A

Increase preload - stroke volume

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15
Q

Decrease venous capacitance=

A

Decrease ability of vein to contain blood

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16
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance is also known as

A

Total vascular resistance
Systemic vascular resistance
Afterload

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17
Q

Pressure required for the blood to be ejected

A

Peripheral vascular resistance

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18
Q

Resistance ventricles must overcome to circulate blood

A

Peripheral vascular resistance

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19
Q

Increase afterload
Increase BP
More harder for ventricles to pump blood

A

Arterioconstriction

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20
Q

Decrease afterload
Decrease BP

A

Arteriodilation

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21
Q

A drug that is both vaso and arteriodilator

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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22
Q

A drug that is arteriodilator

A

Amlodipine

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23
Q

Uses of BP regulation

A

To not reach dangerous levels

24
Q

Short term mechanism of BP regulation

A

Baroreceptor reflex

25
Q

It detects the increase of BP

A

Carotid sinus baroreceptor

26
Q

It detects the decrease of BP

A

Aortic arch baroreceptor

27
Q

Carotid sinus to brain through?

A

Afferent nerve 9

28
Q

Vasomotor center (brain) to execute parasympathetic action

A

Efferent nerve 10

29
Q

Aortic arch to vasomotor or brain

A

Afferent nerve 10

30
Q

Brain to Sympathetic action

A

Pre-ganglionic Sympathetic fibers

31
Q

Increase in BP
SANS/PANS

A

SANS

32
Q

The long term regulation for BP

A

Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system

33
Q

Final effect of RAAS activation is always?

A

Increase BP

34
Q

Inhibition of RAAS steps will lead to?

A

Decrease in BP

35
Q

Where is angiotensinogen synthesized?

A

Liver

36
Q

Where is renin synthesized

A

Kidneys

37
Q

Where is angiotensin converting enzyme synthesized

A

Lungs

38
Q

Triggers of renin release

A

Beta-1 Stimulation
Renal Hypoperfusion (Kulang sa dugo)
Renal Hypotension

39
Q

ACE degrades what substance in the lungs

A

Bradykinin
Substance P

40
Q

AG II binds to

A

AG IA receptors

41
Q

Effects of angiotensin II binding

A

Stimulation of autonomic ganglia
Release and synthesis of Aldosterone
Release of vasopressin

42
Q

Stimulation of autonomic ganglia is what activity

A

SANS activity

43
Q

Aldosterone is hormone in the blood synthesized by

A

Adrenal glands

44
Q

A main mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

45
Q

What does aldosterone increases

A

Increase sodium and water reabsorption

46
Q

Vasopressin is what kind of hormone

A

Antidiuretic hormone

47
Q

Effects of vasopressin

A

Vasoconstriction
Prevents urination=water retention (increasing BP & BV)

48
Q

Example of Renin Inhibitor

A

Aliskiren (decreases BP)

49
Q

Example of ACE inhibitor

A

“-prils”
- decrease BP
- Accumulation of Bradykinin and substance P

50
Q

Accumulation of Bradykinin and substance P in the lungs leads to the common side effect

A

Dry cough

51
Q

Example of ARB

A

“-sartan”

52
Q

MOA of ARB

A

Competitive blockers to angiotensin 1A

53
Q

It is a pharmacologic antagonist

A

ARB

54
Q

Agonist of angiotensin 1a

A

Angiotensin II

55
Q

Have affinity and intrinsic activity

A

Agonist

56
Q

Have affinity but no intrinsic activity

A

Antagonist

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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