Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 1 Flashcards
Hypertension is also known as
High Blood Pressure
A condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.
Hypertension
Most common cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
Untreated high blood pressure damages
Blood vessels
Accelerates atherosclerosis
Produces left ventricular hypertrophy
Most common causes of death worldwide
IHD
Stroke
Heart failure
Renal failure
Enlargement and thickening of heart’s main pumping chamber
LVH
Primary Hypertension is also known as
Essential hypertension
How many percent does primary tension have and what is its cause
90% cases and no clear cause
Genetic and lifestyle factors implicated in primary hypertension
Old age Obesity Lack of exercise Sedentary lifestyle Elevated dietary sodium intake
How many cases does secondary hypertension have in percentage
10%
Underlying cause of secondary hypertension
Pheochromocytoma Hyperaldosteronism Cushing's disease or syndrome Hyperthyroidism CKD Chronic alcohol use OCPs and NSAIDS Illicit drugs
Choice of drug for pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine is a
Non-selective alpha antagonist
For tumor on adrenal glands
What does adrenal glands synthesize
Epinephrine to increase BP
Thyroid hormone augments what activity
SANS activity
What does NSAIDS inhibit
Cox
Leading to no prostaglandin and no vasodilation
It is carried from the heart to all parts of the body
Blood
Each time the heart beats it?
Pumps blood
Blood pressure is what tool
Monitoring tool
It is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries
Blood pressure
Determinants of blood pressure
Cardiac output
Peripheral vascular resistance
Elasticity of vessel walls
Systole is always ________________ than diastole
Greater
Indicates how much pressure when the heart beats or contracts
Systole
Indicates how much pressure when the heart is resting between beats
Diastole
Most common signs and symptoms of HTN
Headache
Blurred vision
Chest pain
Asymptomatic and silent killer
Essential hypertension
Patients are already experiencing damages without feeling ill
Essential hypertension
It is associated with underlying cause
Secondary hypertension
Asymptomatic with no target organ damage
Hypertensives urgency
Management for hypertensive urgency
Rapid oral acting Anti-hypertensives
Clonidine, Nifedipine, Captopril, Labetalol
Symptomatic leading to organ damage
Requires ICU admission
Hypertensive emergency/ Malignant hypertension
Management for hypertensive emergency
IV infusion of Anti-hypertensives
Nicardipine, Esmolol, Fenoldopam, Phentolamine, Labetalol
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Normal
120/80
120-139/80-89
Pre-hypertension
> 140/>90
Hypertension
140-159/90-99
Hypertension Stage 1
> 160/>100
Hypertension stage 2
Gestational hypertension
HTN-
Proteinuria-
Gestational age-
+
Negative
Late
Pre-eclampsia
HTN-
Proteinuria-
Gestational age-
++
Positive
Early
Antihypertensive drugs for pregnant patients
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine
Eclampsia is
Pre-eclampsia + Tonic-clonic seizure
Management of eclampsia
IV epsom salt (Magnesium sulfate)
