Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 1

Question 1

Hypertension is also known as

Answer 1

High Blood Pressure

Question 2

A condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Most common cardiovascular disease

Answer 3

Hypertension

Question 4

Untreated high blood pressure damages

Answer 4

Blood vessels
Accelerates atherosclerosis
Produces left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 5

Most common causes of death worldwide

Answer 5

IHD
Stroke
Heart failure
Renal failure

Question 6

Enlargement and thickening of heart’s main pumping chamber

Answer 6

LVH

Question 7

Primary Hypertension is also known as

Answer 7

Essential hypertension

Question 8

How many percent does primary tension have and what is its cause

Answer 8

90% cases and no clear cause

Question 9

Genetic and lifestyle factors implicated in primary hypertension

Answer 9

Old age
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Sedentary lifestyle
Elevated dietary sodium intake

Question 10

How many cases does secondary hypertension have in percentage

Answer 10

10%

Question 11

Underlying cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 11

Pheochromocytoma
Hyperaldosteronism
Cushing's disease or syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
CKD
Chronic alcohol use
OCPs and NSAIDS
Illicit drugs

Question 12

Choice of drug for pheochromocytoma

Answer 12

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 13

Phenoxybenzamine is a

Answer 13

Non-selective alpha antagonist

For tumor on adrenal glands

Question 14

What does adrenal glands synthesize

Answer 14

Epinephrine to increase BP

Question 15

Thyroid hormone augments what activity

Answer 15

SANS activity

Question 16

What does NSAIDS inhibit

Answer 16

Cox

Leading to no prostaglandin and no vasodilation

Question 17

It is carried from the heart to all parts of the body

Answer 17

Blood

Question 18

Each time the heart beats it?

Answer 18

Pumps blood

Question 19

Blood pressure is what tool

Answer 19

Monitoring tool

Question 20

It is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries

Answer 20

Blood pressure

Question 21

Determinants of blood pressure

Answer 21

Cardiac output
Peripheral vascular resistance
Elasticity of vessel walls

Question 22

Systole is always ________________ than diastole

Answer 22

Greater

Question 23

Indicates how much pressure when the heart beats or contracts

Answer 23

Systole

Question 24

Indicates how much pressure when the heart is resting between beats

Answer 24

Diastole

Question 25

Most common signs and symptoms of HTN

Answer 25

Headache Blurred vision Chest pain

Question 26

Asymptomatic and silent killer

Answer 26

Essential hypertension

Question 27

Patients are already experiencing damages without feeling ill

Answer 27

Essential hypertension

Question 28

It is associated with underlying cause

Answer 28

Secondary hypertension

Question 29

Asymptomatic with no target organ damage

Answer 29

Hypertensives urgency

Question 30

Management for hypertensive urgency

Answer 30

Rapid oral acting Anti-hypertensives | Clonidine, Nifedipine, Captopril, Labetalol

Question 31

Symptomatic leading to organ damage | Requires ICU admission

Answer 31

Hypertensive emergency/ Malignant hypertension

Question 32

Management for hypertensive emergency

Answer 32

IV infusion of Anti-hypertensives | Nicardipine, Esmolol, Fenoldopam, Phentolamine, Labetalol

Question 33

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Normal

Answer 33

120/80

Question 34

120-139/80-89

Answer 34

Pre-hypertension

Question 35

>140/>90

Answer 35

Hypertension

Question 36

140-159/90-99

Answer 36

Hypertension Stage 1

Question 37

>160/>100

Answer 37

Hypertension stage 2

Question 38

Gestational hypertension HTN- Proteinuria- Gestational age-

Answer 38

+ Negative Late

Question 39

Pre-eclampsia HTN- Proteinuria- Gestational age-

Answer 39

++ Positive Early

Question 40

Antihypertensive drugs for pregnant patients

Answer 40

Methyldopa Labetalol Nifedipine Hydralazine

Question 41

Eclampsia is

Answer 41

Pre-eclampsia + Tonic-clonic seizure

Question 42

Management of eclampsia

Answer 42

IV epsom salt (Magnesium sulfate)