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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular-Renal Pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension is also known as

A

High Blood Pressure

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2
Q

A condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.

A

Hypertension

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3
Q

Most common cardiovascular disease

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

Untreated high blood pressure damages

A

Blood vessels
Accelerates atherosclerosis
Produces left ventricular hypertrophy

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5
Q

Most common causes of death worldwide

A

IHD
Stroke
Heart failure
Renal failure

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6
Q

Enlargement and thickening of heart’s main pumping chamber

A

LVH

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7
Q

Primary Hypertension is also known as

A

Essential hypertension

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8
Q

How many percent does primary tension have and what is its cause

A

90% cases and no clear cause

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9
Q

Genetic and lifestyle factors implicated in primary hypertension

A 
Old age
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Sedentary lifestyle
Elevated dietary sodium intake
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10
Q

How many cases does secondary hypertension have in percentage

A

10%

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11
Q

Underlying cause of secondary hypertension

A 
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperaldosteronism
Cushing's disease or syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
CKD
Chronic alcohol use
OCPs and NSAIDS
Illicit drugs
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12
Q

Choice of drug for pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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13
Q

Phenoxybenzamine is a

A

Non-selective alpha antagonist

For tumor on adrenal glands

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14
Q

What does adrenal glands synthesize

A

Epinephrine to increase BP

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15
Q

Thyroid hormone augments what activity

A

SANS activity

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16
Q

What does NSAIDS inhibit

A

Cox

Leading to no prostaglandin and no vasodilation

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17
Q

It is carried from the heart to all parts of the body

A

Blood

18
Q

Each time the heart beats it?

A

Pumps blood

19
Q

Blood pressure is what tool

A

Monitoring tool

20
Q

It is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries

A

Blood pressure

21
Q

Determinants of blood pressure

A

Cardiac output
Peripheral vascular resistance
Elasticity of vessel walls

22
Q

Systole is always ________________ than diastole

A

Greater

23
Q

Indicates how much pressure when the heart beats or contracts

A

Systole

24
Q

Indicates how much pressure when the heart is resting between beats

A

Diastole

25
Q

Most common signs and symptoms of HTN

A

Headache
Blurred vision
Chest pain

26
Q

Asymptomatic and silent killer

A

Essential hypertension

27
Q

Patients are already experiencing damages without feeling ill

A

Essential hypertension

28
Q

It is associated with underlying cause

A

Secondary hypertension

29
Q

Asymptomatic with no target organ damage

A

Hypertensives urgency

30
Q

Management for hypertensive urgency

A

Rapid oral acting Anti-hypertensives

Clonidine, Nifedipine, Captopril, Labetalol

31
Q

Symptomatic leading to organ damage

Requires ICU admission

A

Hypertensive emergency/ Malignant hypertension

32
Q

Management for hypertensive emergency

A

IV infusion of Anti-hypertensives

Nicardipine, Esmolol, Fenoldopam, Phentolamine, Labetalol

33
Q

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Normal

A

120/80

34
Q

120-139/80-89

A

Pre-hypertension

35
Q

> 140/>90

A

Hypertension

36
Q

140-159/90-99

A

Hypertension Stage 1

37
Q

> 160/>100

A

Hypertension stage 2

38
Q

Gestational hypertension
HTN-
Proteinuria-
Gestational age-

A

+
Negative
Late

39
Q

Pre-eclampsia
HTN-
Proteinuria-
Gestational age-

A

++
Positive
Early

40
Q

Antihypertensive drugs for pregnant patients

A

Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine

41
Q

Eclampsia is

A

Pre-eclampsia + Tonic-clonic seizure

42
Q

Management of eclampsia

A

IV epsom salt (Magnesium sulfate)

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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