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Physio > Cardiovascular Physiology Review Test > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Review Test Flashcards

1
Q

A 53 year old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 50% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?

A

Decrease to 1/16

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2
Q

When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occur?

A

Increased contractility

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3
Q

At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?

A

Renal artery

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4
Q

A persons electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pace-maker is located in the

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

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5
Q

If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in

A

end-systolic volume

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6
Q

An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The extra-systolic beat would produce

A

decreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased

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7
Q

After an extrasystole, the next “normal” ventricular contraction produces

A

increased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased

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8
Q

An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank-Straling diagram by

A

increased cardiac-output for a given end-diastolic volume

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9
Q

The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by

A

partial occlusion of a blood vessel

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10
Q

Following a sympathectomy, a 66 year old man experiences orthostatic hypotension. The explanation for this occurrence is

A

a suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism

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11
Q

The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

ST Segment

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12
Q

In which of the following situation’s is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow?

A

Left-to-right ventricular shunt

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13
Q

A 30 year old female patients electrocardiogram (ECG) shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. This interpretation of this pattern is

A

decreased conduction through the AV node

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14
Q

An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes?

A

Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve

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15
Q

The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by

A

increased venous pressure

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16
Q

Inspiration “splits” the second heart sound because

A

the aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve

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17
Q

During exercise, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases because of the effect of

A

local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles

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18
Q

An increase in arteriolar resistance, without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system, will produce

A

an increase in arterial pressure

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19
Q

Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+ current?

A

upstroke of the action potential in purkinje fibers

20
Q

The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because

A

they have the greatest resistance

21
Q

pulse pressure is

A

determined by stroke volume

22
Q

In the sinoatrial (SA) node, phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable

A

an increase in Na+ conductance

23
Q

Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle

A

a1 receptors

24
Q

during which phase of the cardiac cycle is the aortic pressure highest?

A

reduced ventricular ejection

25
Q

myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of

A

Ca2+

26
Q

Which of the following is an effect of histamine?

A

vasodilation of the arterioles

27
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs?

A

brain

28
Q

cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of the left side of the heart

A

100%

29
Q

the physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node is to allow sufficient time for

A

filling of the ventricles

30
Q

Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system rather than by local metabolites

A

skin

31
Q

which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise

A

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

32
Q

when propranolol is administered, blockade of which receptor is responsible for the decrease in cardiac output that occurs?

A

B1 receptors

33
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume the slowest?

A

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

34
Q

which of the following changes will cause an increase in myocardial O2 consumption

A

increased size of heart

35
Q

which of the following substances crosses capillary walls primarily through water-filled clefts between the endothelia cells

A

glucose

36
Q

a 24 year old woman presents to emergency department with severe diarrhea. When she is supine (lying down), her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg (decreased) and her heart rate is 100 beats/min (increased). When she is moved to a standing position, her heart rate further increases to 120 beats/min. Which of the following accounts for the further increase in heart rate upon standing

A

decreased venous return

37
Q

a 60 year old businessman is evaluated by his physician, who determines that his blood pressure is significantly elevated at 185/130 mm Hg. Laboratory tests reveal an increase in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone level, and left renal vein renin level. His right renal vein renin level is decreased. What is the most likely cause of the patients hypertension?

A

left renal artery stenosis

38
Q

During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the membrane potential closest to the K+ equilibrium potential?

A

Phase 4

39
Q

During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the conductance to Ca2+ highest

A

phase 2

40
Q

Which phase of the ventricular action potential coincides with diastole?

A

Phase 4

41
Q

Propranolol has which of the following effects

A

decreases heart rate

42
Q

Which receptor mediates slowing of the heart

A

muscarinic receptors

43
Q

Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on the heart

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

44
Q

the low resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the spread of action potentials are the

A

gap junctions

45
Q

which agent is releases or secreted after a hemorrhage and causes an increase in renal Na+ reabsorption

A

aldosterone

46
Q

during which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open

A

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

47
Q

a hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95 beats/min, and a cardiac output of 3.5 L/min. What is the patients end-diastolic volume

A

92 mL

Physio (7 decks)

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