Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the equation for cardiac output (CO)?
CO = HR x SV
Where,
CO = cardiac output
HR = heart rate
SV = Stroke volume
What is the equation for blood pressure (BP) or the hydraulic equation?
BP = CO x PVR
Where,
BP =blood pressure
CO = cardiac output
PVR = peripheral vascular resistance
What are the major systems regulating cardiovascular function that are identified as important pharmacological targets?
- Autonomic Nervous System - quick response, influences heart & blood vessels directly
- RAAS System (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) - slower response, influences heart, blood vessels & blood volume
- Kidneys - influence blood volume
What are the short term regulators of blood pressure?
What are the long term regulators of blood pressure?
What are the 3 main physiological factors that maintain blood pressure?
- Baroreceptors (nervous mechanism, rapid response)
- RAAS (humoral mechanism, slower response)
- Local vasoactive substances
What molecule accounts for most of the conversion of AngI to Ang II? Where is it located?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); It is bound to the membrane of endothelial cells present on the luminal surface of blood vessels throughout the vascular system
What are the two primary functions of ACE?
- conversion of AngI to Ang II
- inactivates bradykinin & other potent vasodilator peptides
What are the major functions & effects of Angiotensin II?
What is the major neurotransmitter & receptors of the postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic nervous system?
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Receptors: Alpha & beta (primarily beta 1) adrenergic receptors
What is the major neurotransmitter & receptors of the postganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Receptors: Muscarinicreceptors
What is the pr
What is the pr
