Basics Of Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
What is the “60/40/20” rule?
60% of the human body is comprised of fluids
40% of the human body is intracellular fluid
20% of the human body is extracellular fluid
What is the “60/40/20” rule?
60% of the human body is comprised of fluids
40% of the human body is intracellular fluid
20% of the human body is extracellular fluid
How much of the Extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid? How much of it is plasma?
80% of the extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid
20% of the extracellular fluid is plasma
How much of the total body water is intracellular fluid? How much of the total body water is extracellular?
Total body water is 60% of a person totalbody mass.
40% (2/3) of the total body water is intracellular fluid.
20% (1/3) of the total body water is extracellular fluid.
How are substances transported between organs?
Via Convection
What are the three main fluid compartments?
Interstitial
Intracellular
Plasma
What side of the heart/pulmonary circuit is low pressure, and low in oxygen and carbon dioxide gases?
The right side of the heart/pulmonary circuit.
What side of the heart/pulmonary circuit is high pressure, and high in oxygen and carbon dioxide gases?
The left side of the heart/pulmonary circuit
The cardiovascular system is a _______ loop where _________ valves direct flow.
Closed loop; one-way
True or False:
Venous return = Cardiac output
True, venous return should always be equal to the cardiac output!!
If it is not, this would result in edema.
What is the equation for calculating cardiac output?
CO = HR x SV
Where
CO = cardiac output (L/min)
HR = heart rate (beats per minute)
SV= stroke volume (the volume ejected per beat)
What is the average human cardiac output?
5 L/min
What separates intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid? What force is responsible for the fluid movement between these two compartments?
The cell membrane is the barrier between the intracellular fluid compartment & the interstitial fluid compartment.
Fluid moves between these two compartments along an osmotic gradient.
What separates interstitial fluid from the plasma? What force is responsible for the fluid movement between these two compartments?
The capillary membrane is the barrier between the plasma & the interstitial fluid.
The starling forces (hydrostatic & oncotic pressures/gradients) are responsible for fluid movement between these two compartments.
What role does lymphatics play in fluid movement?
The lymphatic system will move fluids from the interstitial fluid compartment to the plasma, bypassing the capillary membrane.
What side of the heart is referred to as the “boost pump”?
The right side
What side of the heart is referred to as the “main pump”?
The left side
Which side of the heart has a thicker muscle wall? Why?
The left side of the heart; This is because the left side is under high pressure
What are the 3 loops of extracellular fluid movement?
- Cardiovascular loop
- Transvascular loop
- Lymphatic loop
What two factors rate of blood flow?
- The pressure gradient across the vessel (driving force)
- The resistance encountered (impedance to flow)