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BHS 555 CardioPulm > Autonomic Control of the CV System > Flashcards

Autonomic Control of the CV System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the dicrotic notch on the arterial blood pressure graph below represent?

A

Relaxation of the left ventricle; blood falls back against the aortic valve before the aortic pressure decreases.

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2
Q

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

OR

MAP = diastolic pressure - 1/3 (systolic-diastolic)

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3
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic & diastolic pressures.

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4
Q

What’s a normal systolic blood pressure?

A

120 mmHg

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5
Q

What’s a normal mean arterial blood pressure?

A

93.3 mmHg

(80 + 40/3)

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5
Q

What’s a normal diastolic blood pressure?

A

80 mmHg

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6
Q

What’s a normal pulse pressure? (Systolic - Diastolic)

A

40 mmHg

(120 - 80 mmHg)

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7
Q

What are the bodies 4 major mechanisms to maintain blood pressure within normal limits?

A
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7
Q

What is the S2 or “Dub” heart sound?

A

Aortic valve opening in left ventricle

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7
Q

What is the S1 or “Lub” heart sound?

A

Mitral/bicuspid valve opening in left ventricle

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8
Q

What factors will cause vasodilation?

A
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8
Q

What are the two categories of vascular diameter regulation?

A
  1. Intrinsic - local control
  2. Extrinsic - autonomic & endocrine control
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9
Q

What factors will cause vasoconstriction?

A
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10
Q

What are neural control inputs & outputs for maintaining blood pressure homeostasis?

A
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11
Q

Parasympathetic innervation & it’s neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) have what affect on blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

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12
Q

Sympathetic innervation & it’s neurotransmitters norepinephrine & epinephrine have what affect on blood vessels?

A

Depends on the receptor.

Sympathetic alpha receptors (both 1 & 2) & beta 1 receptor will cause vasoconstriction.

Sympathetic beta 2 receptor will cause vasodilation.

Both receptor types can bind either epinephrine or norepinephrine

13
Q

Which catecholamine is most abundant in the blood stream?

A

Epinephrine ( 80%).

Norepinephrine only 20 %

13
Q

What afftects on the heart function do inotropy, chronotropy, & dromotropy have?

A

Inotropy – contractility

Chronotropy – heart rate

Dromotropy – conduction velocity in the AV node

14
Q

How des norepinephrine & epinephrine affect the mean arterial pressure & heart rate?

A
15
Q

At low or medium plasma epinephrine concentrations, what is the dominant receptor & the effect of blood vessels?

A

Low/Medium epinephrine concentrations = beta2 receptor dominance = vasodilation

15
Q

At high plasma epinephrine concentrations, what is the dominant receptor & the effect of blood vessels?

A

High epinephrine concentrations = alpha receptor dominance = vasoconstriction

16
Q

How is mean arterial pressure regulated?

A
17
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors for the CV system located?

A

CV system chemoreceptors detect oxygen levels in the blood.

Chemoreceptors are located in bodies.

18
Q

What is the single most important mechanism for providing short-term regulation of arterial pressure?

A

Arterial baroreceptors

19
Q

Where are the baroreceptors for the CV system located?

A

Baroreceptors detect pressure changes in the blood.

Baroreceptor are located in the sinuses

20
Q

What maneuvers can affect the baroreceptor reflex?

A
21
Q

Describe the effects of the baroreceptor reflex response to increased blood pressure.

A
22
Q

Describe the effects of the baroreceptor reflex response to increased blood pressure.

A
23
Q

What ions do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to? What about central chemoreceptors?

A
24
Q

What is the response of chemoreceptor stimulation?

A
25
Q

What are the two central chemoreceptor reflexes?

A

Cerebral Ischemcic response ‘Last ditch response” - triggered by brain ischemia (decreased blood flow, BP less than 60 mmHg); causes increased sympathetic outflow, & intense vasoconstriction & cardiac stimulation

Cushing Reflex - triggere by an increase in intracranial pressure (like an intracranial bleed); also causes increases in sympathetic outflow, MAP, bradycardia (low HR), high BP, & irregular respiration (cushing’s triad)

26
Q

What is the brainbridge reflex?

A
27
Q

Lecture Summary

A

BHS 555 CardioPulm (14 decks)

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