cardiovascular pathology

Question 1

4 differential diagnosis of chest pain

Answer 1

acute coronary syndrome (included myocardial infarction, unstable angina), stable angina (precipiate at exertion, relieved at rest), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (heartburn), pectoral muscle injury

Question 2

3 investigations of chest pain

Answer 2

ECG (abnormal rhythms due to ischaemia/infarction), troponin T (elevated in myocardial infarction), full history (identify risk factors and behaviours)

Question 3

cardiac pain vs non-cardiac pain: descriptors

Answer 3

heavy, tight, pressure, dull vs sharp, stabbing, shooting

Question 4

cardiac pain vs non-cardiac pain: precipitants

Answer 4

exercise, emotion, cold, post-prandial vs stress, posture, swallowing

Question 5

cardiac pain vs non-cardiac pain: risk factors

Answer 5

> 45 y/o, smoker hypertension, diabetes, stress, family history vs obesity, diabetes, food triggers, pregnancy, wear and tear

Question 6

diagnosis of musculoskeletal, gastro-oesophageal, stable angina

Answer 6

type of pain, risk factors, no ST elevation, normal troponin

Question 7

diagnosis of non-ST elevated myocardial infarction

Answer 7

type of pain, risk factors, no ST elevation, elevated troponin

Question 8

diagnosis of ST elevated myocardial infarction

Answer 8

type of pain, risk factors, ST elevation, elevated troponin