Cardiovascular, Part 3

Question 1

What are the two formulas for CO?

Answer 1

CO = HR x SV

Arterial Pressure/total systemic resistance

Question 2

What is preload?

Answer 2

Amount of stretch on myocardial fibers at end of diastole (volume)

Question 3

Starling Curve states what?

Answer 3

An increase in stretch of the heart increases contractility (up to a point).

Question 4

What is afterload?

Answer 4

The force required to open the aortic valve (resistance).

Question 5

What is the hemodynamic value that equates to afterload?

Answer 5

Diastolic BP

Question 6

What is the Pa02?

Answer 6

Oxygen dissolved, free floating in plasma

Question 7

What is the Sa02?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.

Question 8

What is the MV02?

Answer 8

General estimate of CO. High = hyperdynamic. Low = low cardiac output.

Question 9

What is the CVP an estimate of?

Answer 9

R heart preload

Question 10

What is the wedge an estimate of?

Answer 10

L heart preload

Question 11

What EF is considered mild systolic dysfunction?

Answer 11

40-50%

Question 12

What EF is considered moderate systolic dysfunction?

Answer 12

30-40%

Question 13

What EF is considered severe systolic dysfunction?

Answer 13

<30%

Question 14

What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with systolic heart failure?

Answer 14

Dilated.

Question 15

What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with diastolic heart failure?

Answer 15

Hypertrophic.

Question 16

What does the EF do in systolic heart failure?

Answer 16

Reduced.

HFrEF

Question 17

What does the EF do in diastolic heart failure?

Answer 17

Stay the same.

HFpEF

Question 18

What is the definition of heart failure?

Answer 18

Inability to meet the demands of the body

Question 19

What are the AHA stages a measure of?

Answer 19

Degree of structural disease. Stage A-D. Once you advance, never go back.

Question 20

What are the NYHA classifications a measure of?

Answer 20

Current symptoms. Can change. Class I-IV

Question 21

What diseases causes high cardiac output heart failure?

Answer 21

Anemia, hyperthyroidism, sepsis, beriberi, pregnancy

Question 22

What is Cor Pulmonale?

Answer 22

Right heart failure from lung disease or pulm HTN

Question 23

What are the 3 s/s of aortic stenosis?

Answer 23

Angina, DOE, syncope

Question 24

What is the cause of mitral stenosis?

Answer 24

Rheumatic fever

Question 25

What are the risks of endocarditis?

Answer 25

Previous endocarditis, abnormal heart valve, IVDU, congenital heart disease, implanted cardiac device, central catheter

Question 26

What is Beck’s triad? What does it indicate?

Answer 26

Increased JVD, hypotension, muffled heart tones.

Pericarditis

Question 27

What EKG changes are specific to pericarditis?

Answer 27

Diffuse ST elevation

Depressed PR segments

Question 28

What causes myocarditis?

Answer 28

Common infections (bacterial/viral) and bad luck

Question 29

What are the SIRS criteria?

Answer 29

1. Temp > 38, < 36
2. Tachycardia > 90
3. RR > 20, PaCO2 < 32
4. WBC > 12