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NURS 305 - All Content > Cardiovascular - Part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the MOA of diuretics (2)

A
  • Accelerate urine formation
  • Vasodilation
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2
Q

______ are the first line therapy for hypertension

A

Diuretics

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3
Q

What results from inhibition of water and sodium from reabsorption?

A

Increased diuresis / potency

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4
Q

Potency of diuretics depends on …

A

The area of the nephron affected

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5
Q

Describe the nursing assessments associated with diuretics (6)

A
  • Baseline fluid volume
  • Daily weights / I & O
  • Renal function
  • Electrolytes
  • Urine
  • BP
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6
Q

Describe the general side effects associated with diuretics (5)

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypomagnesmia
  • Hyperuricemia
  • Dehydration –> hypotension
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7
Q

What is the drug class of furosemide (Lasix)?

A

Loop diuretic

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8
Q

Where does the MOA of furosemide (Lasix) occur?

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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9
Q

Describe the MOA of furosemide (Lasix)

A

Sodium / chloride / potassium excretion

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10
Q

furosemide (Lasix) decreases ______

A

Preload

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11
Q

furosemide (Lasix) is known as a ______ diuretic

A

Potassium-wasting

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12
Q

It is important to consider ______ when giving loop diuretics

A

Route

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13
Q

What are the routes of furosemide (Lasix)? (2)

A
  • PO
  • IV
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14
Q

What is the drug class of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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15
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is known as a ______ diuretic

A

Potassium-wasting

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16
Q

Where does the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) occur?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

Describe the MOA of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

Sodium / chloride / potassium excretion

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18
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) decreases ______

A

Afterload

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19
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) causes ______

A

Osmotic water loss

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20
Q

______ allergy is a contraindication of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

Sulfa

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21
Q

Efficacy of thiazide diuretics decreases with ______

A

Poor renal function - hold if creatinine is < 30

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22
Q

Describe the education associated with potassium-wasting diuretics

A

Consume potassium-rich foods

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23
Q

What are the manifestations of hypokalemia? (5)

A
  • Anorexia
  • Lethargy
  • Nausea
  • Hypotension
  • Weakness
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24
Q

What ECG changes indicate hypokalemia? (2)

A
  • U-waves
  • T-wave inversion
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25
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone) is known as a _______ diuretic

A

Potassium-sparing

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26
Q

Where does the MOA of spironolactone (Aldactone) occur? (2)

A
  • Distal convoluted tubules
  • Collecting ducts
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27
Q

Describe the MOA of spironolactone (Aldactone) (2)

A
  • Sodium / water excretion
  • Inhibits aldosterone
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28
Q

What are the indications of spironolactone (Aldactone)? (2)

A
  • Ascites
  • Hyperaldosteronism
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29
Q

What are the contraindications of spironolactone (Aldactone)? (2)

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Adrenal insufficiency
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30
Q

What is the primary interaction associated with spironolactone (Aldactone)?

A

ACE inhibitors - risk of hyperkalemia

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31
Q

Hold potassium-sparing diuretics if potassium level is ______

A

> 5

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32
Q

Describe the education associated with potassium-sparing diuretics (2)

A
  • Limit dietary intake of potassium
  • Cautious use of salt substitutes
33
Q

Describe the education associated with diuretics (2)

A
  • Change positions slowly - dizziness
  • Take in morning - sleep disturbances
34
Q

Patients with diabetes mellitus who are taking ______ should be told to monitor blood glucose and watch for hyperglycemia (decreased insulin production and cell sensitivity)

A

Loop / thiazide diuretics

35
Q

Patients who have been ill with nausea / vomiting / diarrhea should notify their primary care provider because ______ can result

A

Fluid / electrolyte imbalances

36
Q

What is the drug class of lidocaine?

A

Anti-arrhythmic

37
Q

Describe the MOA of lidocaine

A

Blocks sodium channels

38
Q

What is the primary indication of lidocaine?

A

Dysrhythmias

39
Q

What is the primary adverse effect of lidocaine?

A

CNS effects (twitching, convulsions, confusion)

40
Q

Why is lidocaine associated with possible CNS effects?

A

Crosses the blood brain barrier

41
Q

What can occur due to lidocaine toxicity?

A

Seizures

42
Q

What is the route of lidocaine?

A

IV only - first pass effect

43
Q

Describe the primary nursing consideration associated with lidocaine

A

Metabolized in liver - 50% dose reduction for patients with liver failure / cirrhosis

44
Q

Describe the MOA of amiodarone (Cordarone) (2)

A
  • Blocks sodium / calcium / potassium channels
  • Delays repolarization
45
Q

What is the primary indication of amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Dysrhythmias

46
Q

______ allergy is a contraindication of amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

Iodine

47
Q

What is the primary contraindication of amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Bradycardia

48
Q

What is the primary interaction of amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

Warfarin - prolonged INR

49
Q

What are the routes of amiodarone (Cordarone)? (2)

A
  • PO
  • IV
50
Q

Describe the nursing considerations of amiodarone (Cordarone) (2)

A
  • Long half life - long effect duration
  • Filter required - risk of phlebitis
51
Q

Describe the education associated with amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

Wear sunscreen

52
Q

Describe the MOA of adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Slows AV node conduction

53
Q

What is the primary indication of adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

54
Q

What are the contradictions of adenosine (Adenocard)? (2)

A
  • Atrial fibrillation / flutter
  • Heart block
55
Q

What are the side effects of adenosine (Adenocard)? (3)

A
  • Chest discomfort
  • Light-headedness
  • Flushing
56
Q

Describe the administration of adenosine (Adenocard) (3)

A
  • Large bore IV in proximal vein
  • RAPID IV push
  • Immediate saline flush
57
Q

Describe the primary nursing consideration of adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Must be on a cardiac monitor with resuscitation equipment ready

58
Q

What is the half-life of adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

< 10 seconds

59
Q

What is the primary indication of dobutamine?

A

Shock / heart failure

60
Q

What is the primary side effect of dobutamine?

A

Phlebitis

61
Q

What is the route of dobutamine?

A

IV only

62
Q

Describe the primary nursing consideration of dobutamine

A

Administer through central line - high risk of vessel irritation

63
Q

Dobutamine dosing is ______

A

Weight-based

64
Q

What the primary indication of dopamine?

A

Shock / heart failure

65
Q

What is the primary contraindication of dopamine?

A

Pheochromocytoma (catecholamine-secreting tumor)

66
Q

Dopamine dosing is ______

A

Weight-based

67
Q

What is the route of dopamine?

A

IV only

68
Q

Describe the MOA of epinephrine

A

Vasoconstriction

69
Q

What the primary indication of epinephrine?

A

Shock / heart failure

70
Q

Epinephrine is used during ______

A

ACLS

71
Q

Epinephrine dosing is ______

A

Weight-based

72
Q

Describe the MOA of milrinone (Primacor)

A

Inotropy / chronotropy / dromotropy

73
Q

What is the primary indication of milrinone (Primacor)?

A

Shock / heart failure

74
Q

milrinone (Primacor) dosing is ______

A

Weight-based

75
Q

Where can milrinone (Primacor) be given? (2)

A
  • Home
  • Hospital
76
Q

What is the primary interaction associated with milrinone (Primacor)?

A

Furosemide - precipitation if given in same line

77
Q

Describe the MOA of atropine (3)

A
  • Blocks acetylcholine
  • Bronchodilation
  • Increased HR
78
Q

What are the indications of atropine? (3)

A
  • Asystole
  • Bradycardia
  • Shock / heart failure
79
Q

What is the primary adverse effect of atropine?

A

Pupil dilation

NURS 305 - All Content (20 decks)

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