Cardiovascular Modulators Flashcards
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
CHF - stabilise oedema, hypercalcaemia, hyperkalaemia
VD
Na/H2O retention, RAAS activation
IV or oral
SEs: fluid and electolyte balances, ototoxicity in cats
Monitor RR and electrolyte balance
Torasemide
Loop diuretics
CHF
Blocks MC receptors - anti aldosterone effect
PO
Ototoxicity in cats
Monitr electrolyte and kidney function
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic
CHF
DCT - Na and Cl-
SEs: hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, azotaemia
Spironolactone
Aldosterone inhibitor, weak inhibitor, RAAS activated, K sparing diuretic
CHF
Acts on myocardium + vasculature - inhibit aldosterone mediated fibrosis
PO
SEs - hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia and reduced ECF volume, facial dermatitis
Amiloride
Potassium sparing diuretic
CHF
MCR binds to epithelium sodium channel in ADT - prevents Na reabsorption
PO
SEs: hyperkalaemia, exacerbated by ACE inhibitors
Acetazolamid/ dorxolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Glaucoma
SEs: metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretics
Inc. intracranial pressure
Inc. osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate
IV
SEs - dehydration and E imbalance
Pimobendan
Positive inotrope
CHF, PC mitral valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy
Sensitises troponin to Ca2+. phsophodiesterase 3 inhibitor (cAMP) - syst. VD
PO/IV
GIT disturbances - SE
Dobutamine
Positive inotropic
Severe CHF with hypotension
B adrenergic agonist
IV
SEs: inc. contractility, SV, BP, pulse
Benazepril
ACE inhibitor, RAAS modulator
CHF - reduce Na_ and water retention, VD
SEs - axotaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypotension
Nitroglycerin ointment
Vasodilations
CHF
Topical
Sodium nitroprusside
Vasodilator
CHF
IV, CRI
Hydralazine
VD
CHF
PO, IV, CRI
Monitor BP
Atenolol
Sympatholytics - beta blockers
Heart disease
Red. HR and contractility
Red. tachyc and arrhythmias, prolong diastole, red. CS
PO
Sildenafil
Pulmonary arteriodilators
Heart disease
Inc. left side filling pressure
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
