Anaesthesia - Pre med

Question 1

Acepromazine (ACP)

Answer 1

Phenothiazine
Sedation
Pre-med - SC
Used in combination with opoids
Peripheral VD, potential dec. BP
X licensed in rabbits
Poor oral bioavailability
IV (10-15 mins) or IM (30-40), duration = 4-6 hrs

Question 2

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 2

Sedation, analgesia
CV: bradyc, dec. CO2, 2 AV block, Inc. BP
Resp: depression
Dec. GI tract, bloat and gut stasis, dec. insulin
Renal: dec. vasopressin, inc. uterine
uterine contractions
hepatic metabolsim
Reversal = atipamezole

Question 3

Midazolam

Answer 3

Benzodiazapenes
Equine
Sedative and analgesia
Enhance GABA effects
Combine with ket or alpha 2 agonist
Min effects on CVS and resp system - admin to patients with CBS disease
GABA mediated muscle relaxant - inh neurnes at SC level
Slow IV admin/ CRI
Short plasma half life and cross BBB
Reversal agent = flumazenil

Question 4

Flumasole + fenatnyl

Answer 4

Butyrophenes
Sedative
Flumasole only available when combined with fentanyl
Rabbits, rats, guinea pigs
Surgical anaesthetic, poor muscle relaxant, can cause resp depression
30-60 min duration

Question 5

Medetomidine

Answer 5

CV: bradyc, dec. CO2, 2 AV block, Inc. BP
Resp: depression
Dec. GI tract, bloat and gut stasis, dec. insulin
Renal: dec. vasopressin, inc. uterine
uterine contractions
hepatic metabolsim
Reversal = atipamezole

Question 6

Xylazine

Answer 6

Less commonly used than medetomidine and dexmedetomidine
CV: bradyc, dec. CO2, 2 AV block, Inc. BP
Resp: depression
Dec. GI tract, bloat and gut stasis, dec. insulin
Renal: dec. vasopressin, inc. uterine
uterine contractions
hepatic metabolsim
Reversal = atipamezole

Question 7

Diazapam

Answer 7

Benzodiazapenes
Dogs and cats
Sedative and analgesia
Enhance GABA effects
Combine with ket or alpha 2 agonist
Min effects on CVS and resp system - admin to patients with CBS disease
GABA mediated muscle relaxant - inh neurnes at SC level
Slow IV admin/ CRI
Short plasma half life and cross BBB
Reversal agent = flumazenil