Cardiovascular/Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Aortic aneurysm

A

diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall

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2
Q

Aortic dissection

A

diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat

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4
Q

Aortic rupture

A

Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; “a fib”

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6
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Irregular beating of the atria; often described as “a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block”

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7
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

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8
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate (HR < 60)

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9
Q

Cardiac ischemia

A

Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG

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10
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

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11
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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12
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart

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13
Q

Extra systoles

A

Extra beats of the heart heard during auscultation

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14
Q

Friction rub

A

Described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis

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15
Q

Gallop

A

Three or four sounds, resembling the sounds of gallop

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16
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Heart rhythm for anyone with atrial fibrillation

17
Q

Jugular vein distention

A

JVD, sign of congestive heart failure

18
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale

19
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed

20
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle

21
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non ST elevation MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test

22
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

Diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium evidence on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

23
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

24
Q

Pulse exam

A

Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis (DP) or posterior tibia (PT)

25
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction; when the EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates an acute heart attack

26
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate (HR > 100 BPM)

27
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal even that requires immediate cardioversion

28
Q

Valvular vegetation

A

An infectious growth on the cardiac valves

29
Q

Ventricular septal defect “A VSD”

A

A hole in the ventricular septum that cause blood to mix between the RV and LV

30
Q

Ventricular wall thrombus

A

A blood clot that attaches to he inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions.