Cardiovascular Health & Fitness

Question 1

May be due to oxidation of lactic acid accumulated early in the exercise, relief from respiratory muscular fatigue, and/or relief from early breathlessness

Answer 1

Second Wind

Question 2

What effect does breathing pure oxygen after a long play have on an athlete at sea level

Answer 2

None (only gives a benefit above sea level)

Question 3

Likely caused by a lack of oxygen to the respiratory muscles

Answer 3

Side Stitch

Question 4

Besides fatigue, the result of large increases in carbon dioxide and lactic acid under conditions of heavy exercise

Answer 4

Hypervetilation

Question 5

How ventilation changes from before exercise to during exercise to after exercise

Answer 5

Before: Slight increase in ventilation due to anticipation

During: Ventilation increases dramatically
Maximal - increases until exhaustion
Sub-Maximal - increases dramatically before reaching a steady state

After: ventilation remains elevated for a short period of time for recovery

Question 6

Tiny air sacs deep in lungs

Answer 6

Alveoli

Question 7

The rhythmic movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 7

Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 8

Air that does not enter the alveoli remains here

Answer 8

Dead Space (Breathing must be deep to ensure adequate alveolar ventilation)

Question 9

The physiological change that result in greater diffusion capacity of the lungs in endurance athletes

Answer 9

A much greater alveolar capillary surface area

Question 10

In order for oxygen to diffuse from the air in the alveoli to the pulmonary capillary blood, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the alveoli must be _____ than the pO2 in the blood.

Answer 10

Higher/greater

Question 11

The “pacemaker” for the heart

Answer 11

SA node

Question 12

Supplies blood to the heart muscle

Answer 12

Coronary Arteries

Question 13

Responsible for the 2 sounds we hear when listening to a heartbeat

Answer 13

Closing of the heart valves

Question 14

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat

Answer 14

Stoke value

Question 15

Contraction phase of the heart

Answer 15

Systole

Question 16

The most accurate reading of the heart rate is taken where?

Answer 16

The wrist artery

Question 17

Carbon Dioxide and oxygen can be chemically carried by this protein found in red blood cells

Answer 17

Hemoglobin

Question 18

Approximately ____ times as much blood is distributed to the skeletal muscle during exercise when compared to the amount of blood distributed to these muscles during resting conditions

Answer 18

Four (84% vs. 20%)

Question 19

The single most important factor determining gaseous exchange at the alveolar-capillary and the muscle tissue-capillary membranes

Answer 19

The partial pressure exerted by a gas

Question 20

The most important factor on determining resistance to blood flow

Answer 20

Blood vessel width

Question 21

Breathing at intense work loads that is greater than what is required for the amount of oxygen needed to be consumed to achieve those work loads

Answer 21

Hyperventilation

Question 22

The 3 physiological capacities related to oxygen transport that are most important for success in endurance performance

Answer 22

1. High VO2 max
2. High anaerobic threshold
3. High efficiency of the oxygen transport system

Question 23

A successful distance runner needs to have a high _____ in order to be competitive; a successful discus thrower does not

Answer 23

VO2 max

Question 24

Athletes who can utilize a high percentage of their VO2 max without lactic acid accumulating in sufficient amounts to cause exhaustion are said to have a high one of these

Answer 24

Anaerobic (Lactate) threshold

Question 25

Name the “big 5” major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 25

1. Cholesterol
2. Hypertension
3. Cigarette Smoking
4. Obesity
5. Physical Inactivity