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PATHO > Cardiovascular Function > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Function Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary

A

right side, deoxygenated, in the lungs

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2
Q

systemic

A

left side, pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

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3
Q

veins

A

bring blood back to the heart

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4
Q

arteries

A

take oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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5
Q

capillaries

A

gas exchange

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6
Q

Endrocardium

A

most inner layer of the heart

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7
Q

Myocardium

A

middle layer ( Muscle layer)

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8
Q

Pericardium

A

outer layer

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9
Q

All three layers can be damaged by…

A

tumors or infections

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10
Q

veins do what

A

metabolic waste from the body

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11
Q

venous bring blood back to get ??

A

re oxygenated

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12
Q

SA node as known as the pacemaker

A

60-100 heart

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13
Q

AV node

A

40-60

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14
Q

Conduction System

A

Organizes electrical impulse in the cardiac system

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15
Q

Pericarditis

A
  • Inflammations of the pericardium
  • Fluid Accumulates- Pericardial effusion
  • Swollen tissue creates frictions
  • causing pressure around the heart
  • causes the heart not to fill properly
  • Blood pressure goes down and heart rate will go up
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16
Q

pericarditis manifestations

A 
chest pain
edema
flulike symptoms
dyspnea
Grating sounds heard when breathing is held
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17
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner layer
creates small thrombi (Clots)
Microhemorrhages (bleeding)

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18
Q

Valvular Disorders

A

Disrupt blood flow through the heart
Stenosis-Narrowing- blood cant flow through
Regurgitation-

19
Q

Electrical Alterations

A

Classified by orgin
Can affect cardiac output and BP

Causes: Acid-base imbalances, hypoxia, drugs, stress electrolyte imbalances, myocardial ischemia or infarction (injury), connective tissue disorders

20
Q

Electrical alteration manifestations

A

palpiations , abnormal heart rate, syncope, dyspnea, confusion, fatigue, skipping a beat

21
Q

Heart Failure

A

Inadequate pumping
Leading to decreased cardiac output, increased preload, and increased afterload (backflow)
Compensatory mechanisms activated
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

22
Q

Left-side heart failure

A

Cardiac output fails

Backflow to the pulmonary circulation

23
Q

Right-side heart failure

A

blood back flows to the systemic circulation

24
Q

Aneurysms

A

Weakness of artery
Can occur in arterys
Can rupture

25
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the Cardio System

What do these do together as the function of the cardio system

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Nourish and remove metobolic waste from body

26
Q

2 Circuits of the heart and functions

A

Pulmonary: Right side, deoxygenated blood to lungs
Systemic: Left side pumps oxygenated blood throughout body and to heart

27
Q

4 hollow chambers of the heart consist of 2________ and 2________

A 
2 atria (RA and LA) -upper recieving 
2 ventricles (RV and LV)- lower pumping
28
Q

Within gas exchange Arterial capillaries drop off 02 and nutrients and Venous capillaris pick up metabolic waste

A

True

29
Q

Conduction system 3 points of conduction pathway

A

Excitability- cells responds to impulse
Conductivity- cells conduct electric impulse
Automaticity- generate impulse to contract

30
Q

Depolorization

A

Increase in electrical change from ion exchange

31
Q

Repolorization

A

cellular recovery ions return to membrane

32
Q

Dysrhymthmias

A

Abnormal electrical activity

33
Q

Systolic

Dystolic

A

S: Cardiac Work phase
D: Cardiac Rest phase

34
Q

PVR is Peripheral Vascular Resistance what are the 3 points that depend the calculation of PVR?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Arterial elasticity

35
Q

Afterload

A

pressure needed to eject the blood

  • Blood viscosity
  • PVR
36
Q

Preload

A

amount of blood returning

  • blood and volume
  • venous return
37
Q

Three layers of arteries/viens

A

Tunicaintema - inner layer
-Tunicamedia- middle muscle layer
Tunica adventitia outer elastic layer

38
Q

Blood vessel cell wall layers

A

Endothelium
Elastic tissue
Connective Tissue

39
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Consists of vessels that transport lympth excess tissue fluid back to circulatory System

40
Q

What is Lymph

A

Fluid that drains from lymph capillaries into vessels and ducts that emply into large veins at neck

41
Q

Types of Heart failure (3)

A

Systolic dysfunction- decrease contractibility
Diastolic dysfunction- decrease filling
Mixed dysfunction- both

42
Q

Signs of left side failure

A

Activity intolerance, fatigue, weakness

43
Q

Right side heart failure symptoms

A

Weight gain, edema

PATHO (12 decks)

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