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Systems 1 Anatomy > Cardiovascular Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 stages of heart development?

A

Primitive heart tube
Heart looping
AV septation
Outflow tract septation

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2
Q

Which germ layer forms the circulatory system?

A

Lateral plate splanchic mesoderm

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3
Q

Where do blood vessels first appear?

A

Yolk sac
Allantois
Connecting Stalk
Chorion

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4
Q

What structures canalise to form the primitive heart tube?

A

Angioblastic cords

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5
Q

The somatic mesoderm forms which structure?

A

Parietal and fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

The splanchic mesoderm forms which structure?

A

Visceral pericardium

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7
Q

What is the structure of the primitive heart tube?

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricle 
Atrium
Sinus venosus
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8
Q

Sinus venosus forms what? Receives blood from where?

A

Left and right horns

Receives blood from Yolk sac, placenta, and body of embryo

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9
Q

Which veins drain from the yolk sac?

A

Vitelline veins

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10
Q

Which veins drain from the placenta?

A

Umbilical veins

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11
Q

Which veins drain from the body of the embryo?

A

Common cardinal veins

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12
Q

Aortic arches arise from where?

A

Aortic sac (from truncus arteriosus)

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13
Q

Bulbus cordis and ventricle grow faster forming what?

A

Bulboventricular loop

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14
Q

What does the endocardial cushion do?

A

Separates the right AV opening from the left AV opening

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15
Q

Which septum forms first?

A

Septum primum

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16
Q

What is the fate of foramen primum?

A

Disappears

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17
Q

What forms foramen ovale?

A

Foramen secundum and septum secundum

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18
Q

What is the name of the opening between the septum primum and the endocardial cushion?

A

Ostium primum

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19
Q

How is the IV septum completed?

A

Membranous portion growing from the muscular portion to the endocardial cushion

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20
Q

What is the role of Foramen ovale?

A

Allows blood to pass from right to left (skips non-functional lungs)

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21
Q

What two structures fuse to form fossa ovale?

A

Septum primum and septum secundum

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22
Q

What is the most common form of Congenital heart disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect

membranous most common

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23
Q

How is bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus partitioned?

A

Proliferation of mesenchymal cells forming the aorticopulmonary septum

24
Q

Where it the SA node located?

A

High in right atrium near opening for SVC

25
Q

Where is the AV node + bundle?

A

Cells of AV canal and sinus venosus

26
Q

The aortic sac forms what?

A

Aortic arches

27
Q

Bulbus cordis forms what?

A

Right ventricle

Parts of outflow tracts

28
Q

The primitive ventricle forms what?

A

Left ventricle

29
Q

The primitive atrium forms what?

A

Left and Right atrium

30
Q

Sinus venosus forms what?

A

SVC

Right atrium

31
Q

What is transposition of the great vessels associated with?

A

ASD and VSD

Swapping of the aorta and pulmonary artery

32
Q

What is the cause of transposition of the great vessels?

A

Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

Defective migration of neural crest cells

33
Q

Tetralogy of fallot is what?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Dextroposition of aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

34
Q

What is vasculogenesis?

A

New formation of primitive vascular network

35
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels

36
Q

Aortic arches form from what?

A

Aortic branches and pharyngeal arch arteries

37
Q

How many aortic arches are there to begin with?

A

6 pairs

38
Q

What is the fate of aortic arch 1 and 2?

A

Form maxillary arteries

39
Q

What is the fate of aortic arch 3?

A

Forms the internal carotid artery

40
Q

What is the fate of aortic arch 4?

A

Right forms right subclavian artery

Left forms distal aortic arch

41
Q

What is the fate of aortic arch 6?

A

Right: right pulmonary artery
Left: Ductus arteriosus and left pulmonary artery

42
Q

What is the fate of ductus arteriosus?

A

Becomes ligamentum arteriosum

43
Q

What is an aberrant subclavian artery?

A

Regression of aortic arch 4, right subclavian artery forms separately and loops behind the oesophagus and trachea

44
Q

What is a double aortic arch?

A

Formation of a left and right aortic arch, forming a ring around the trachea and oesophagus - difficulties breathing and swallowing

45
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Failure of ductus arteriosus to close

46
Q

What is the fate of the vitelline veins?

A

Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

47
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical arteries?

A

Promial: Internal iliac
Distal: forms umbilical ligaments

48
Q

What do the vitelline veins do?

A

Carry blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus

49
Q

What do the umbilical veins do?

A

Originate from chorionic villi, carry oxygenated blood from placenta to the embryo

50
Q

What do the cardinal veins do?

A

Drain body of the embryo

51
Q

What is the fate of the vitelline veins?

A

Portal veins
Liver sinusoids
Hepatocardiac IVC

52
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical veins

A

Right: degenerates
Left: forms ligamentum teres
Ductus venosus: ligamentum venosum

53
Q

What is the fate of the cardinal veins?

A

IVC and SVC

54
Q

What are the common venous system abnormalities?

A

Double IVC
Absent IVC
Left/double SVC

55
Q

What is the function of ductus venosus?

A

Shunts left umbilical vein blood directly to the IVC (bypassing the liver)

56
Q

What is maternal rubella infection associated with?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

Systems 1 Anatomy (5 decks)

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