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Systems 1 Anatomy > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

The mediastinum is split into what 4 parts

A

Superior

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

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2
Q

Which bone forms the anterior border of the superior mediastinum?

A

Manubrium

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3
Q

Which vertebrae form the posterior border of the superior mediastinum?

A

T1-T4

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4
Q

Which plane separates the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

T4/5 (sternal angle)

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5
Q

Where is the thymus found (before puberty)?

A

Superior mediastinum retrosternally

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6
Q

What is the surface marking of the apex of the heart?

A

5th left intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line

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7
Q

Which chamber(s) form the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Which chamber(s) form the inferior border of the heart?

A

Left and Right Ventricle

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9
Q

Which chamber(s) form the left border of the heart?

A

Left Ventricle (some atrium)

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10
Q

Which chember(s) form the superior border of the heart?

A

Left and Right atria

also great vessels

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11
Q

The heart sits anterior to which thoracic vertebrae?

A

T5-8

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12
Q

The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta occurs at which vertebral level? Becoming what?

A

L4

Common iliac

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13
Q

The bifurcation of the common iliac artery occurs at which vertebral level? Becoming what?

A

L5

External and Internal Iliac

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14
Q

What are the 3 main tributaries of the superior vena cava?

A

Left and Right Brachiocephalic veins

Azygos vein

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15
Q

What are the tributaries of the Inferior vena cava?

A

Left and Right common iliac veins

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16
Q

Into which vein does the hemi-azygos vein drain?

A

Azygos

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17
Q

Which veins are drained by the azygos/hemiazygos veins? Which side?

A

Posterior intercostal veins
Azygos - right
Hemiazygos - left

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18
Q

Anterior intercostal v./a. are drained/supplied by what?

A

Internal Thoracic Vein/artery

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19
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries arise from what?

A

Descending aorta

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20
Q

Which artery gives origin to the Internal Thoracic Artery?

A

Subclavian artery?

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21
Q

Which two veins drain the posterior intercostal veins on the left side?

A

Hemiazygos vein

Accessory Hemiazygos vein

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22
Q

The entire body - the lymphatic duct is drained by WHAT?

A

Thoracic duct

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23
Q

The thoracic duct lies between what on the posterior thoracic wall?

A

Azygos vein, thoracic aorta

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24
Q

The thoracic duct drains into what?

A

Left Subclavian vein

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25
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains into the what?

A

Medial end of the right subclavian vein

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26
Q

The thoracic duct commences where as what?

A

L1

Cysterna chyli

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27
Q

At which point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of the 1st rib

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28
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into brachial and ulnar aa?

A

Cubital fossa

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29
Q

The external iliac artery bifurcates into what?

A

Profunda femoris

Superficial femoral

30
Q

At which region of the lower limb does the popliteal artery branch into the ant/posterior tibial aa?

A

Proximal end of the tibia

31
Q

Dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery?

A

Anterior tibial

32
Q

The posterior tibial aa enters the sole of the foot where?

A

Inferior to the medial malleolus

33
Q

The femoral vein and deep vein of the thigh (deep veins of the leg) drain into what?

A

External iliac vein

34
Q

Which veins drain into the popliteal vein?

A

Posterior tibial
Anterior tibial
Fibular
Short saphenous vein

35
Q

Is the popliteal vein superficial or deep?

A

Deep

36
Q

Into which vein does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

Femoral vein

37
Q

Into which vein does the small saphenous vein drain

A

Popliteal vein

38
Q

Which chamber of the heart is most posterior?

A

Left atrium

39
Q

Name the layers of the pericardium

A

Visceral Serous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium

40
Q

Which layer of the heart belongs to the heart and the pericardium simultaneously?

A

Epicardium/visceral

41
Q

What are the roles of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protect the heart
Prevent over-expansion
Anchor it to the walls

42
Q

Which nerves innervate the visceral pericardium?

A

T1-T4 (cardiac plexus)

Vagus nerve

43
Q

Which nerves innervate the parietal/fibrous pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve

44
Q

Which layers of pericardium are sensitive to pain?

A

Fibrous/parietal

45
Q

Which muscular wall of the atrium is called what?

A

Muscular pectinati

46
Q

The cardiac veins drain into the right atrium via the:

A

Coronary sinus

47
Q

The ventricular wall muscles are called what?

A

Trabeculae carneae

48
Q

What is the function of the moderator band?

A

Allow coordinated contraction of the papillary muscles

49
Q

What do the papillary muscles attach to? What is their function?

A

They attach (via chordae tendinae) to the cusps of the AV valves, contract to prevent atrial regurgitation

50
Q

The left coronary artery splits into what?

A

Left Circumflex

Left anterior descending (interventricular)

51
Q

The right coronary artery splits into what?

A

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

52
Q

From what part of the aorta do the coronary arteries arise?

A

Sinuses of Valsalva

In cusps of aortic valve

53
Q

Which arteries lie in the coronary sulcus?

A

Right Coronary Artery

54
Q

Which arteries lie in the interventricular sulcus?

A

LAD

Posterior Interventricular artery

55
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Right A + V
AV node and bundle
SA node

56
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Both ventricles (including the septum)
Left atrium
SA node

57
Q

The great cardiac vein lies alongside what?

A

The LAD artery

58
Q

The middle cardiac vein lies alongside what?

A

The Posterior descending artery

59
Q

The small cardiac vein lies alongside what?

A

The right marginal artery

60
Q

All cardiac veins but (what?) drain into what?

A

(Anterior cardiac veins)

Coronary Sinus

61
Q

The SA node lies near the opening of the ____ in the atrium?

A

Superior vena cava

62
Q

The AV node lies where?

A

Inferior part of the inter-atrial septum

63
Q

The bundle of His lies where?

A

Each side of the ventricular septum

64
Q

Cardiac pain (due to ischaemia) is referred to where? Why is this?

A

Anterior chest wall, medial left arm

Innervation of the heart returns to T1-T4 spinal nerves

65
Q

What supplies nutrients to the major arteries?

A

Vasa vasorum

66
Q

Describe the tunica media of muscular arteries

A

Thin

Elastin replaced with smooth muscle

67
Q

Describe the tunica media of elastic arteries

A

Thick
Dense with fenestrated elastin
Few small elastic fibres

68
Q

What separates the tunica media and tunica intima?

A

Internal elastic lamina

69
Q

What type of artery are the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

A

Distributing

Elastic

70
Q

Which tissue predominates the tunica media of arterioles?

A

Smooth muscle

71
Q

Vein valves are formed from what?

A

Tunica intima

Systems 1 Anatomy (5 decks)

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