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Cardiology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the antiplatelet drugs?

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Tirofiban

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2
Q

How does Aspirin work?

A

Prevents production of thromboxane by acetylating cycle-oxygenase
Prevents platelet aggregation

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3
Q

What conditions is aspirin used?

A

MI - secondary prevention
Stroke - secondary prevention
Angina
Vascular disease

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4
Q

How does clopidogrel work?

A

ADP receptor antagonist

Blocks platelet aggregation

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5
Q

What is Clopidogrel used in?

A

Used with aspirin in:
Stents and ACS

Used is aspirin intolerant

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6
Q

How does Tirofiban work?

A

Glycoprotein IIb/ IIa antagonist - Prevents platelet aggregation

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7
Q

What conditions of Tirofiban used in?

A

Unstable angina

MI

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8
Q

What does beta blockers antagonise?

A

Beta adrenoceptors

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9
Q

How does antagonisation of Beta receptors work?

A

Counters sympathetic system

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10
Q

What effect do Beta blockers have on the heart?

A

Negative inotropic effect (decreased firing of sa node)

Negative chronotropic effect (decreased heart rate)

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11
Q

What does beta 2 receptor antagonism cause?

A

Vasodilation

Bronchodilation

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12
Q

What are the two different types of Beta blockers?

A

Beta 1 and Beta 2 antagonists (Non-selective)

Beta 1 specific antagonists (selective)

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13
Q

What are examples of non-selective beta blockers?

A

Beta 1 specific antagonists

E.g. propanolol

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14
Q

What conditions are Beta 1 specific antagonists used in?

A 
Angina 
Hypertension 
MI 
Antidysrhythmic 
Heart failure
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15
Q

Who should not be given beta blockers?

A

Asthma

COPD

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16
Q

What are side effects of beta blockers?

A

Lethargy
Erectile dysfunction
Headache

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17
Q

What are the different types of anticoagulants?

A

Heparin
Warfarin
Dabigatran

18
Q

How does LMWH work?

A

Inhibits Xa factor

- used to prevent thromboembolism

19
Q

How does Warfarin work?

A

Inhibits Vitamin K reductase

20
Q

Who should not be given warfarin?

A

Pregnant ladies

21
Q

How does dabigatran work?

A

Direct Thrombin III inhibitor

22
Q

What are anticoagulants used in?

A

Atrial fibrillation

Venous thromboembolism

23
Q

What are the different types of Diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

24
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A

Act on ascending limb of loop of Henle

Inhibitors the Na+/K/2CL co -transporter

25
Q

How do thiazide diuretics work?

A

Act on distal tubule

Inhibit Na/Cl tansporter

26
Q

What is an example of a loop diuretic and what condition is it used in?

A

Heart failure

e.g. furosemide

27
Q

What is an example of a Thiazide diuretic and what condition is it used in?

A

Hypertension

e.g. Bendroflumathiazide

28
Q

What vasodilator are used?

A

Nitrates
Prazosin
Hydralazine

29
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

Dilate veins and arteries, reduces the preload

30
Q

How does Prazosin work?

A

Alpha blocker

Dilates veins and arteries

31
Q

How does Hydralazine work?

A

Dilates resistance vessels - arterioles

32
Q

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

A

Dihydroperidines

Non-dihydroperidines

33
Q

How do calcium antagonists work?

A

Blocks Ca 2+ entry to cells by targeting L type Ca 2+ receptors
Promote coronary and peripheral vasodilation

34
Q

What is an example of a dihydoperidines and what condition is it used in?

A

Dilate peripheral vessels

Used in: angina, Hypertenion

e.g. Amlodopine

35
Q

What are examples of non-dihydoperidines and what conditions is it used to treat?

A

Dilated central vessels

Used in: Hypertenion, angina, dysrhythmias

e.g. Rapamil, Verapamil, Diltoazem

36
Q

How does Ivabradine work?

A

Reducing the heart rate by inhibit of the funny current

37
Q

What is sinus bradycardia?

A

Heart rate <60

38
Q

What is the treatment for sinus bradycardia?

A

Isoprenaline - main

Atropine

39
Q

How does digoxin work?

A

Blocks the Na+/K+ pump

40
Q

What is digoxin used in?

A

Fast AF

Cardiology (12 decks)

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