Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What are the antiplatelet drugs?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Tirofiban
How does Aspirin work?
Prevents production of thromboxane by acetylating cycle-oxygenase
Prevents platelet aggregation
What conditions is aspirin used?
MI - secondary prevention
Stroke - secondary prevention
Angina
Vascular disease
How does clopidogrel work?
ADP receptor antagonist
Blocks platelet aggregation
What is Clopidogrel used in?
Used with aspirin in:
Stents and ACS
Used is aspirin intolerant
How does Tirofiban work?
Glycoprotein IIb/ IIa antagonist - Prevents platelet aggregation
What conditions of Tirofiban used in?
Unstable angina
MI
What does beta blockers antagonise?
Beta adrenoceptors
How does antagonisation of Beta receptors work?
Counters sympathetic system
What effect do Beta blockers have on the heart?
Negative inotropic effect (decreased firing of sa node)
Negative chronotropic effect (decreased heart rate)
What does beta 2 receptor antagonism cause?
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
What are the two different types of Beta blockers?
Beta 1 and Beta 2 antagonists (Non-selective)
Beta 1 specific antagonists (selective)
What are examples of non-selective beta blockers?
Beta 1 specific antagonists
E.g. propanolol
What conditions are Beta 1 specific antagonists used in?
Angina Hypertension MI Antidysrhythmic Heart failure
Who should not be given beta blockers?
Asthma
COPD
What are side effects of beta blockers?
Lethargy
Erectile dysfunction
Headache
What are the different types of anticoagulants?
Heparin
Warfarin
Dabigatran
How does LMWH work?
Inhibits Xa factor
- used to prevent thromboembolism
How does Warfarin work?
Inhibits Vitamin K reductase
Who should not be given warfarin?
Pregnant ladies
How does dabigatran work?
Direct Thrombin III inhibitor
What are anticoagulants used in?
Atrial fibrillation
Venous thromboembolism
What are the different types of Diuretics?
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
How do loop diuretics work?
Act on ascending limb of loop of Henle
Inhibitors the Na+/K/2CL co -transporter
How do thiazide diuretics work?
Act on distal tubule
Inhibit Na/Cl tansporter
What is an example of a loop diuretic and what condition is it used in?
Heart failure
e.g. furosemide
What is an example of a Thiazide diuretic and what condition is it used in?
Hypertension
e.g. Bendroflumathiazide
What vasodilator are used?
Nitrates
Prazosin
Hydralazine
How do nitrates work?
Dilate veins and arteries, reduces the preload
How does Prazosin work?
Alpha blocker
Dilates veins and arteries
How does Hydralazine work?
Dilates resistance vessels - arterioles
What are the two types of calcium antagonists?
Dihydroperidines
Non-dihydroperidines
How do calcium antagonists work?
Blocks Ca 2+ entry to cells by targeting L type Ca 2+ receptors
Promote coronary and peripheral vasodilation
What is an example of a dihydoperidines and what condition is it used in?
Dilate peripheral vessels
Used in: angina, Hypertenion
e.g. Amlodopine
What are examples of non-dihydoperidines and what conditions is it used to treat?
Dilated central vessels
Used in: Hypertenion, angina, dysrhythmias
e.g. Rapamil, Verapamil, Diltoazem
How does Ivabradine work?
Reducing the heart rate by inhibit of the funny current
What is sinus bradycardia?
Heart rate <60
What is the treatment for sinus bradycardia?
Isoprenaline - main
Atropine
How does digoxin work?
Blocks the Na+/K+ pump
What is digoxin used in?
Fast AF
