Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

What are the antiplatelet drugs?

Answer 1

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Tirofiban

Question 2

How does Aspirin work?

Answer 2

Prevents production of thromboxane by acetylating cycle-oxygenase
Prevents platelet aggregation

Question 3

What conditions is aspirin used?

Answer 3

MI - secondary prevention
Stroke - secondary prevention
Angina
Vascular disease

Question 4

How does clopidogrel work?

Answer 4

ADP receptor antagonist

Blocks platelet aggregation

Question 5

What is Clopidogrel used in?

Answer 5

Used with aspirin in:
Stents and ACS

Used is aspirin intolerant

Question 6

How does Tirofiban work?

Answer 6

Glycoprotein IIb/ IIa antagonist - Prevents platelet aggregation

Question 7

What conditions of Tirofiban used in?

Answer 7

Unstable angina

MI

Question 8

What does beta blockers antagonise?

Answer 8

Beta adrenoceptors

Question 9

How does antagonisation of Beta receptors work?

Answer 9

Counters sympathetic system

Question 10

What effect do Beta blockers have on the heart?

Answer 10

Negative inotropic effect (decreased firing of sa node)

Negative chronotropic effect (decreased heart rate)

Question 11

What does beta 2 receptor antagonism cause?

Answer 11

Vasodilation

Bronchodilation

Question 12

What are the two different types of Beta blockers?

Answer 12

Beta 1 and Beta 2 antagonists (Non-selective)

Beta 1 specific antagonists (selective)

Question 13

What are examples of non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 13

Beta 1 specific antagonists

E.g. propanolol

Question 14

What conditions are Beta 1 specific antagonists used in?

Answer 14

Angina 
Hypertension 
MI 
Antidysrhythmic 
Heart failure

Question 15

Who should not be given beta blockers?

Answer 15

Asthma

COPD

Question 16

What are side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 16

Lethargy
Erectile dysfunction
Headache

Question 17

What are the different types of anticoagulants?

Answer 17

Heparin
Warfarin
Dabigatran

Question 18

How does LMWH work?

Answer 18

Inhibits Xa factor

- used to prevent thromboembolism

Question 19

How does Warfarin work?

Answer 19

Inhibits Vitamin K reductase

Question 20

Who should not be given warfarin?

Answer 20

Pregnant ladies

Question 21

How does dabigatran work?

Answer 21

Direct Thrombin III inhibitor

Question 22

What are anticoagulants used in?

Answer 22

Atrial fibrillation

Venous thromboembolism

Question 23

What are the different types of Diuretics?

Answer 23

Loop diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

Question 24

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 24

Act on ascending limb of loop of Henle

Inhibitors the Na+/K/2CL co -transporter

Question 25

How do thiazide diuretics work?

Answer 25

Act on distal tubule | Inhibit Na/Cl tansporter

Question 26

What is an example of a loop diuretic and what condition is it used in?

Answer 26

Heart failure | e.g. furosemide

Question 27

What is an example of a Thiazide diuretic and what condition is it used in?

Answer 27

Hypertension | e.g. Bendroflumathiazide

Question 28

What vasodilator are used?

Answer 28

Nitrates Prazosin Hydralazine

Question 29

How do nitrates work?

Answer 29

Dilate veins and arteries, reduces the preload

Question 30

How does Prazosin work?

Answer 30

Alpha blocker | Dilates veins and arteries

Question 31

How does Hydralazine work?

Answer 31

Dilates resistance vessels - arterioles

Question 32

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

Answer 32

Dihydroperidines | Non-dihydroperidines

Question 33

How do calcium antagonists work?

Answer 33

Blocks Ca 2+ entry to cells by targeting L type Ca 2+ receptors Promote coronary and peripheral vasodilation

Question 34

What is an example of a dihydoperidines and what condition is it used in?

Answer 34

Dilate peripheral vessels Used in: angina, Hypertenion e.g. Amlodopine

Question 35

What are examples of non-dihydoperidines and what conditions is it used to treat?

Answer 35

Dilated central vessels Used in: Hypertenion, angina, dysrhythmias e.g. Rapamil, Verapamil, Diltoazem

Question 36

How does Ivabradine work?

Answer 36

Reducing the heart rate by inhibit of the funny current

Question 37

What is sinus bradycardia?

Answer 37

Heart rate <60

Question 38

What is the treatment for sinus bradycardia?

Answer 38

Isoprenaline - main | Atropine

Question 39

How does digoxin work?

Answer 39

Blocks the Na+/K+ pump

Question 40

What is digoxin used in?

Answer 40

Fast AF