Cardiac murmurs

Question 1

What type of murmur is mitral stenosis?

Answer 1

Mid-diastolic murmur

Question 2

What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis?

Answer 2

Malar flushing
Low volume plulse
Non-displaced apex
S1 loud, rumbling mid-diastolic

Question 3

What are the tests for mitral stenosis?

Answer 3

Echocardiogram - diagnostic

CXR - left atrial enlargement, showing in lung, pulmonary oedema

Question 4

What type of murmur is mitral regurgitation?

Answer 4

Pan systolic murmur

Question 5

What are the symptoms of mitral regurgitation?

Answer 5

Displaced apex beat
Right ventricular heave
 Palpitations 
Pansystolic murmur 
Radiates from apex to axilla

Question 6

How is mitral regurgitation treated?

Answer 6

Diuretics

Antico-ag with AF

Question 7

What type of murmur is aortic stenosis?

Answer 7

Ejection systolic murmur

Question 8

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 8

Slow rising pulse 
Carotid radiation 
Non-displaced apex beat 
Heard in aortic region 
S4 sound

Question 9

How is atrial stenosis managed?

Answer 9

Surgery

Question 10

What type of murmur is atrial regurgitation ?

Answer 10

Early diastolic murmur

Question 11

What are the signs of atrial regurgitation?

Answer 11

Collapsing pulse
Hyperdynamic apex beat
Heard best when patient sits up

Question 12

What are the tests for aortic regurgitation?

Answer 12

Echocardiogram