Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

1. What is the primary site of action for torsemide?

A. Loop of Henle – thick ascending
B. Loop of Henle – thin descending
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 1

A. Loop of Henle - thick ascending

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a recognized side effect of furosemide?

A. Dehydration
B. Electrolyte depletion (e.g., hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia)
C. Azotemia
D. Pulmonary toxicity (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

Answer 2

D. Pulmonary toxicity (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

Question 3

When is the use of spironolactone possibly contraindicated?

A. In hypernatremic patients
B. In hyperkalemic patients
C. In patients with refractory congestive heart failure
D. When also prescribing furosemide

Answer 3

B. In hyperkalemic patients

Question 4

Which of the following statements about pimobendan use is CORRECT?

A. Pimobendan shortens survival time in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease if given before the onset of clinical signs
B. Pimobendan is a diuretic with beta-blocking properties
C. Pimobendan administration to cats with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy results in resolution of the outflow tract obstruction
D. Pimobendan has been demonstrated to improve outcomes for dogs in several veterinary clinical trials

Answer 4

D. Pimobendan has been demonstrated to improve outcomes for dogs in several veterinary clinical trials

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is correct?

A. Venodilators: reduce preload
B. Arterial dilators: reduce cardiac output
C. Venodilators: increase blood volume returning to the heart
D. Arterial dilators: increase afterload

Answer 5

A. Venodilators: reduce preload

Question 6

Sildenafil should not be used with which of the following drugs due to the possibility of life threatening hypotension?

A. Pimobendan
B. Hydralazine
C. Nitroglycerin
D. Lidocaine

Answer 6

C. Nitroglycerin

Question 7

Which species are reportedly especially prone to neurological side effects of Class I Antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g. lidocaine)?

A. Dogs and Cattle
B. Cats and Horses
C. Swine and Sheep
D. Llamas and Alpacas

Answer 7

B. Cats and Horses

Question 8

Which of the following is not a common potential side effect of Class II Antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g. propranolol, atenolol, carvedilol)?

A. Bradycardia
B. Hypotension
C. Negative inotropism
D. Hepatotoxicity

Answer 8

D. Hepatotoxicity

Question 9

What is the primary mechanism of action and result of the Class III Antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g. sotalol, amiodarone)?

A. Block potassium channels: prolong repolarization phase
B. Beta adrenergic receptor agonists: slow conduction through the heart
C. Block fast Na channels: slows generation of action potential
D. Calcium channel antagonists: vasodilation and increased heart rate

Answer 9

A. Block potassium channels: prolong repolarization phase

Question 10

10. Which of the following descriptions correctly characterizes the cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin)?

A. Positive inotrope, positive chronotrope
B. Negative inotrope, negative chronotrope
C. Positive inotrope, negative chronotrope
D. Negative inotrope, positive chronotrope

Answer 10

C. Positive inotrope, negative chronotrope