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ATI Study: Pharmacology > cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitors

A
  1. captopril
  2. enalapril
  3. enalaprilat
  4. fosinopril
  5. lisinopril
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2
Q

Examples of ARBS

A
  1. losartan
  2. valsartan
  3. Irbesartan
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3
Q

Common side effects with ARBS and ACE inhibitors

A
  1. persistent cough with ACE inhibitors

2. Angioedema, hypotension

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4
Q

Interventions for ACE inhibitor/ARBS

A
  1. captopril should be taken 1 hour before meals
  2. monitor blood pressure
  3. Monitor for angioedema and promptly administer epinephrine 0.5 mL of 1:1,000 solution subQ
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5
Q

Precautions/interactions for CCB’s

A
  1. Use cautiously in clients taking digoxin and beta-blockers
  2. contraindicated in clients who have HF, heart block, or bradycardia
  3. Do not consume grapefruit juice
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6
Q

Use for CCBs

A
  1. angina, hypertension

2. Verapamil and diltiazem may be used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or SVT

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7
Q

Adverse effects for CCB’s

A
  1. constipation
  2. reflex tachycardia
  3. peripheral edema
  4. Toxicity
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8
Q

Examples of Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists

A
  1. clonidine
  2. Guanfacine HCl
  3. Methyldopa
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9
Q

How do Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists work?

A

Stimulate Alpha2 receptors in the brain to reduce peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic BP

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10
Q

Precautions/Interactions for Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists

A
  1. contraindicated with anticoagulant therapy, hepatic failure
  2. DO NO administer to clients taking MAOI’s
  3. DO NOT administer methyldopa through an IV line with barbiturates or sulfonamides
  4. Use cautiously in CVA, MI, diabetes mellitus, major depression, or chronic renal failure
  5. Do NOT use during lactation
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11
Q

Side effects of Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists

A
  1. dry mouth
  2. drowsiness and sedation
  3. rebound hypertension
  4. black or sore tongue
  5. leukopenia
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12
Q

Interventions for Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists

A
  1. monitor for CNS effects
  2. Monitor CBC, HR, and BP
  3. Assess for weight gain or edema
  4. Monitor closely for rebound HTN when med discontinued (48 hrs)
  5. Instruc to never skip a dose
  6. take at bedtime to minimize effects of hypotension
  7. Notify prescriber of any involuntary jerky movements, prolonged dizziness, rash, yellowing of the skin
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13
Q

The therapeutic range for Digoxin

A

0.8-2.0

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14
Q

The toxic level of Digoxin

A

> 2.5

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15
Q

Precautions/interactions for Digoxin

A
  1. thiazide or loop diuretics increase the risk of HYPOKALEMIA and precipitate digoxin toxicity
  2. ACE and ARBS increase the risk of HYPERKALEMIA
  3. Verapamil increases the risk of toxicity
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16
Q

Side/adverse effects of digoxin

A
  1. GI effects (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)

2. CNS effects (fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos around objects)

17
Q

Management of digoxin toxicity

A
  1. Discontinue digoxin and potassium-wasting medications
  2. treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin or lidocaine
  3. treat bradycardia with atropine
  4. for excess overdose, administer digoxin immune FAB to prevent absorption
18
Q

Therapeutic use of Adenosine

A

Convert SVT to sinus

19
Q

Side/adverse effects of adenosine

A
  1. Flushing, nausea

2. Bronchospasm, prolonged asystole

20
Q

Nursing interventions of adenosine

A
  1. Rapid IV (1-2 seconds) push

2. Flush immediately with NS

21
Q

Therapeutic use of Amiodarone

A

V-fib, unstable V-tach

22
Q

Side/adverse effects of amiodarone

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. cardiogenic shock
  3. pulmonary disorders
23
Q

Nursing interventions of amiodarone

A
  1. Incompatible with heparin
  2. may be given in PO maintenance dose
  3. monitor for respiratory complications
24
Q

Therapeutic use of atropine

A

bradycardia, known exposure to a chemical nerve agent, reduce secretions

25
Q

Side/adverse effects of atropine

A

when used for a life-threatening emergency, has no contraindications

26
Q

nursing interventions for atropine

A

Monitor for dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention, and constipation

ATI Study: Pharmacology (13 decks)

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