cardiovascular disease Flashcards

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1
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A
  • plaque build up in the arteries
  • makes them swell and stiff
  • reduces the lumen diameter of the artery
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2
Q

what could atherosclerosis lead to

A
  • blood clots forming
  • a heart attack/ stroke
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3
Q

what is plaque made from

A
  • white blood cells
  • cholesterol
  • fat
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4
Q

what could an atherosclerosis be created from

A
  • high blood pressure
  • toxin releasing from tobacco when smoking
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5
Q

why would high blood pressure cause an an atherosclerosis

A

the high pressure puts strain on the arterial walls

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6
Q

stage 1 of an atherosclerosis formation

A
  • the squamous endothelium lining is damaged
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7
Q

stage 2 of an atherosclerosis formation

A
  • macrophages travel to the damaged vessel and accumulate material here such as cholesterol
  • the accumulation of the cholesterol build ups
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8
Q

stage 3 of the atherosclerosis formation

A
  • the accumulation attracts more material build around the cholesterol
  • the atheroma grows and hardens over time
  • the atheroma grows and reduces the lumen diameter of the artery
  • restricts the volume of blood flow through the artery
  • the atheroma now becomes plaque
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9
Q

stage 4

A
  • atheroma grows
  • fibrous tissue builds up more
  • reduces elasticity of the artery
  • now artery cant vascoconstrict/ dilate to regulate blood flow
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10
Q

stage 5

A

the results of the atheroma formation
- reduces elasticity and narrow lumen
- harder for blood to flow through
- blood pressure increases
- high blood pressure increases likelyhood of another atheroma forming

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11
Q

what is thromosis

A

the formation of blood clot in a damaged blood vessel

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