cardiovascular disease Flashcards
1
Q
what is atherosclerosis
A
- plaque build up in the arteries
- makes them swell and stiff
- reduces the lumen diameter of the artery
2
Q
what could atherosclerosis lead to
A
- blood clots forming
- a heart attack/ stroke
3
Q
what is plaque made from
A
- white blood cells
- cholesterol
- fat
4
Q
what could an atherosclerosis be created from
A
- high blood pressure
- toxin releasing from tobacco when smoking
5
Q
why would high blood pressure cause an an atherosclerosis
A
the high pressure puts strain on the arterial walls
6
Q
stage 1 of an atherosclerosis formation
A
- the squamous endothelium lining is damaged
7
Q
stage 2 of an atherosclerosis formation
A
- macrophages travel to the damaged vessel and accumulate material here such as cholesterol
- the accumulation of the cholesterol build ups
8
Q
stage 3 of the atherosclerosis formation
A
- the accumulation attracts more material build around the cholesterol
- the atheroma grows and hardens over time
- the atheroma grows and reduces the lumen diameter of the artery
- restricts the volume of blood flow through the artery
- the atheroma now becomes plaque
9
Q
stage 4
A
- atheroma grows
- fibrous tissue builds up more
- reduces elasticity of the artery
- now artery cant vascoconstrict/ dilate to regulate blood flow
10
Q
stage 5
A
the results of the atheroma formation
- reduces elasticity and narrow lumen
- harder for blood to flow through
- blood pressure increases
- high blood pressure increases likelyhood of another atheroma forming
11
Q
what is thromosis
A
the formation of blood clot in a damaged blood vessel