Cardiovascular and respiratory Flashcards
What are causes of acyanotic congenital heart disease? name 3
1) ventricular septal defect
2) atrial septal defect
3) patent ductus arterosus
what is the likely outcome of a small ventricular septal defect ?
closes spontaneously by the age of 5
How does a large VSD present typically?
infants often present with dyspnea while feeding
what is the consequence of a large VSD?
volume overload and heart failure leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and potentially eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt direction)
what is the definitive management of a VSD?
surgical management
does Atrial septal defect present with a murmur?
no
what can ASD lead to?
HF and chest infections
what is the definitive management of ASD?
closed surgically with transcatheter occlusion
describe the murmur associated with a patent ductus arteriosus?
continuous machinery murmur loudest below left clavicle and radiating to the back
describe the pulse associated with a PDA?
collapsing pulse
what is PDA associated with ? name 2
1) prematurity
2) hypoxia
what is the treatment of PDA?
prostaglandin inhibitors (IV ibuprofen)
what is the management of persistent PDA?
transcatheter occlusion or surgical ligation
Name the 5 cyanotic congenital heart diseases?
1) truncus arteriosus
2) transposition of the great arteries
3) tricuspid atresia
4) tetralogy of fallot
5) total anomalous pulmonary venous return
management of truncus arteriosus??
Needs surgical closure
transposition of great arteries is a….. lesion?
duct dependent lesion
what is the management of transposition of great arteries prior to surgical management ?
Prostaglandin infusion to keep PDA open
operation name for repair of transposition of great arteries ?
switch operation
components of tetraology of fallot? 4
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect
murmur associated with tetralogy of fallot?
ejection systolic murmur radiating to the back
what is the tet position ?
squatting position to increase systemic vascular resistance to reverse right to left shunt. becomes left to right shunt across the VSD
what is a complication of all congenital heart diseases ?? and what is the commonest organism
infective endocarditis
strep viridans
what are signs of co-arctation of the aorta? 3
1) systolic murmur radiating to the back
2) blood pressure in the arms > legs
3) radio-femoral pulse delay
what is the management of infective endocarditis ?
IV benzylpenicillin + IV Gentamicin for 6 weeks