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Cardiovascular > Cardiovascular and Pulmonary: Laboratory Tests and Values > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary: Laboratory Tests and Values Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: SpO2: Normal Range

A
  • 98 to 100%
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2
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: Spo2: Clinical Significance

A
  • Below 88-90 typically requires supplemental O2
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3
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: PaO2: Normal Range

A
  • 90 to 100 mmHg
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4
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: PaO2: Clinical Significance

A
  • Increase in PaO2 in hyper-oxygenation
  • Decrease in PaO2 in cardiac decompensation
  • Significant measure in COPD and some neurologic disorders
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5
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: PaCO2: Normal Range

A
  • 35-45 mmHg
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6
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: PaCo2: Clinical Significance : Increased PaCO2

A
  • Increased PaCO2 in:
  • COPD
  • Hypoventilation
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7
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: PaCo2: Clinical Significance : Decreased PaCO2

A
  • Decreased PaCO2 in:
  • Hyperventilation
  • Pregnancy
  • Pulmonary embolism
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8
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Normal Range

A
  • 7.35 to 7.45
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9
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Clinical Significance

A
  • Less than 7.35=Acidic

- Greater than 7.45=Alkalytic

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10
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Clinical Significance: Increased respiratory alkalosis

A

Caused by:

  • Hyperventilation
  • Sepsis
  • Liver disease
  • Fever
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11
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Clinical Significance: Increased metabolic alkalosis

A

Caused by:

  • Vomiting
  • Potassium depletion
  • Diuretics
  • Volume depletion
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12
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Clinical Significance: Decreased respiratory alkalosis

A

Caused by

  • Seen in Hypoventilation
  • Seen in COPD
  • Slowed respiratory rate
  • Myasthenia
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13
Q

Arterial Blood Gases: pH of Whole Blood: Clinical Significance: Decreased metabolic acidosis

A
  • Deficit in bicarbonate
  • Increased acids
    Caused by:
  • Diabetes
  • Alcohol
  • Starvation
  • Renal failure
  • Increased acid intake
  • Loss of alkaline body fluids
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14
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: Prothrombin Time: Normal Range

A
  • 11-15 sec
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15
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: Prothrombin Time: Clinical Significance

A

Seen in

  • Increased X factor deficiency
  • Hemorrhagic Disease
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hepatitis drugs
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16
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: Partial Thromboplastin Time: Normal Range

A
  • 25- 40 sec
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17
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: Partial Thromboplastin Time: Clinical Significance

A

Seen in

- Increased factor VIII and IX and X deficiency

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18
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: International Normalized Ratio: Normal Ranges

A
  • 0.9-1.1
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19
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: International Normalized Ratio: Clinical Significance: Target INR’s of 2-3

A

Patients with

  • DVT’s
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Mechanical valves
  • A-fib
  • Anticoagulant therapy
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20
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: International Normalized Ratio: Clinical Significance: Target INR’s of 3.5

A

Patient’s with

  • DVT’s
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Mechanical valves
  • A-fib
  • Anticoagulant therapy
  • ONE OF THE ABOVE + GENETIC CLOTTING DISORDERS.
21
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: International Normalized Ratio: Clinical Significance: Therapist should check for

A
  • Active bleeding

- Teach compensatory strategies to reduce fall risk

22
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: C-Reactive Protein: Normal Range

A
  • CRP less than 10 mg/dL

- Bleeding time of 2-10 minutes

23
Q

Hemostasis: Clotting/Bleeding Times: C-Reactive Protein: Clinical Significance

A

Seen in

  • Increased in platelet disorders and thrombocytopenia
  • Increased levels associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis
  • Greater than 100 mg/dl associated with inflammation and infection
24
Q

Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: White Blood Cells: Normal Range

A
  • 4300- 10,800
25
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: White Blood Cells: Clinical Significance: Increased WBC
- Increased WBC count indicative of infection or corticosteroid use.
26
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: White Blood Cells: Clinical Significance: Decreased WBC
- Decrease in WBC count with aplastic disorders and B12 or folate deficiency
27
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: White Blood Cells: Clinical Significance: Physical Therapy Considerations
- Immunocompromised patients have increased risk of infection - Consider metabolic demands in presence of fever - Use a mask when WBC's are less than 1000 to 2000 pr absolute neutrophil count less than 500 to 1000
28
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Red Blood Cells: Normal Range
- Male=4.6 to 6.2 X 10^6/ uL | - Female= 4.2-5.9 C 10^6/ uL
29
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Red Blood Cells: Clinical Significance Increased RBC Count
- Polycythemia
30
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Red Blood Cells: Clinical Significance Decreased RBC Count
- Anemia
31
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Normal Range
- Male=Less than 15 mm/hr | - Female= Less than 20mm/hr
32
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Clinical Significance: Increased Rate
Increased ESR seen in - Infection - Inflammation - Rheumatic or pelvic inflammatory disease - Osteomyelitis
33
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Clinical Significance: Monitoring
- Rheumatoid Arthritis - Systemic Lupus Erythema - Hodgekin's Disease
34
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hematocrit/% of the RBC of whole blood: Normal Range
- Males=45-52% | - Females=37 to 48%
35
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hematocrit/% of the RBC of whole blood: Clinical Significance: Increased Hematocrit
- Increased erythrocytes - Dehydration - Shock
36
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hematocrit/% of the RBC of whole blood: Clinical Significance: Decreased Hematocrit
- Anemia | - Acute hemorrhage
37
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hematocrit/% of the RBC of whole blood: Clinical Significance: Physical Therapy Considerations
- Low Hematocrit can cause low exercise intolerance | - Low Hematocrit can cause increased fatigue and tachycardia
38
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hemoglobin: Normal Range
- Men=13-18 g/dl | - Women=12-16 g/dl
39
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hemoglobin: Clinical Significance: Increased Hemoglobin
Increased HgB seen in - Polycythemia - Dehydration - Shock
40
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hemoglobin: Clinical Significance: Decreased Hemoglobin
Decreased HgB seen in - Anemia - Hemorrhage - RBC destruction
41
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Hemoglobin: Clinical Significance: Physical Therapy Considerations
Low HgB can cause - Low exercise tolerance - Increased fatigue and tachycardia
42
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Platelet Count: Normal Range
- 150,000 to 450,000 cells/mm^3
43
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Platelet Count: Clinical Significance: Increased Platelets
Increased platelets can be indicative of - Chronic Leukemia - Hemoconcentration
44
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Platelet Count: Clinical Significance: Decreased Platelets
Decreased platelets can be indicative of - Thrombocytopenia - Acute leukemia - Aplastic Disorders - Chemotherapy
45
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Platelet Count: Clinical Significance: Physical Therapy Considerations
Low levels of Platelets can cause - Increased risk of bleeding - Monitor for hematuria and petechiae or other signs of active bleeding
46
Complete Blood Cell Count Adult Values: Platelet Count: Clinical Significance: Physical Therapy Considerations: Treatment Guidelines
- Less than 20,000=AROM and ADL's only - 20,000 to 30,000=Light exercise only - 30,000 to 50,000=Moderate Exercise
47
PAO2
- PAO2=80-100 mmH
48
Tidal Volume
- 500ml

Cardiovascular (46 decks)

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