Cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards
what are the names of the three main branches of the coronary arteries
right coronary artery , left circumflex and paraconal arteries. The aortic valve has also been called the left semilunar valve and the left arterial valve and has three leaflets, or cusps: the left coronary cusp, the right coronary cusp, and the non-coronary cusp.
The right coronary artery arises from the cranial sinus, the left coronary artery from
the caudosinistral sinus.
the main arterial vascular supply to the canine brain is via which arteries?
a) maxillary
b) internal carotid
c) basilar
d) facial
B and C
these major arteries are not accompanied by veins
Basilar artery - Formed by the terminal branches of the vertebral arteries (enter in the vertebral canal. through the lateral vertebral foramina of the atlas)
Internal carotid artery
- Traverse the carotid canal in the tympanic part of the temporal bone
- Form a loop at the foramen lacerum
- Then, each internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa
- Course rostrally through the cavernous venous sinus beside the hypophyseal fossa and hypophysis
- Emerge through the wall of the cavernous sinus and the dura between the hypophysis and the optic chiasm
- Enters the subarachnoid space and divides into (cerebral circle):
- Middle cerebral artery
- Rostral cerebral artery: the 2 of them anastomose rostrally
- Caudal communicating artery: join the terminal branches of the basilar artery
which vessels do not branch from the cerebral arterial circle?
a) middle cerebral artery
b) caudal cerebellar artery
c) rostral cerebellar artery
d) caudal cerebral artery
B- from basilar artery
where does the main blood supply to the cats brain come from?
maxillary artery and the rete mirabile. in cats this is located extracranially
not present in rabbits
The rete mirabile of the dog is small and connects to the internal carotid artery and the external ophthalmic artery (a branch of the maxillary artery).
A rete mirabile is present in sheep, goats, swine, ox and dogs and is located in the
venous cavernous sinus- in the calvaium, the blood comes from the maxillary artery.
the internal carotid enters the skull via the:
a) alar canal
b) maxillary foramen
c) tympanooccipital fissure
d) oval canal
C
which branches extend from the rostral cerebral artery to exit the skull and help perfuse the eye and nose?
internal ophthalmic
internal ethmoidal
which intercostal artery does the broncho-esophageal artery come from?
right 5th usually
what are the three main branches of the celiac artery?
hepatic, left gastric, splenic. usually a trifurcation, but sometimes the left gastric and splenic arise from a short trunk.
which is true of the left ovarian vein?
a) joins the right ovarian vein before entering the cdvc together
b) joins the cdvc directly
c) joins the cdvc via the left renal vein
d) joins the cdvc via the phrenicoabdominal vein
C
which vessels come off the hepatic artery
branches to the liver (various branches, most commonly 3), cystic artery, right gastric and gastroduodenal
hepatic branches:
-Right lateral branch: caudate + right lateral lobes
- Right medial branch: right medial + dorsal part of the quadrate lobe + part of
the left medial lobe
-Lateral left branch: left lateral lobe
- Medial left branch:
Left medial + quadrate lobes
Cystic artery: gallbladder
if medial lobes removed often have to remove the GB due to blood supply.
the main blood supply to the liver is via the…
portal vein
where does the pancreas receive its blood supply from (3)?
right lobe: cranial pancreaticoduodenal arteries via celiac- hepatic- gastroduodenal. as well as caudal pancreaticoduodenal via the cranial mesenteric artery
body: branches from gastroduodenal
left lobe: splenic
which part of the abdominal GI tract is not drained by the portal system?
rectum and anal canal.
what are the main tributaries to the gastrosplenic vein
left gastric, splenic, left gastroepiploic, left pancreatic veins
the left and right gastric, and left and right gastroepiploic veins anastomose with each other
what are the main tributaries to the gastroduodenal vein?
cranial pancreaticoduodenal, right gastric and right gastroepiploic
the external jugular veins join the subclavian veins and become the XXX before becoming the cranial vena cava.
a) common jugular veins
b) axillary veins
c) brachiocephalic veins
d) costocervical veins
C
which species has paired vena cavae
rabbits
blood from the cephalic vein terminates in the… vein
a- internal jugular
b- external jugular
c- axillary
d- subclavian
B
which large vessels form the subclavian vein, returning most of the blood from the thoracic limbs (2)?
a) omobrachial
b) axillary
c) axillobrachial
d) cephalic
e) internal thoracic
f) subscapular
g) brachial
B and C but some variation between left and right sides
the main artery to the thoracic limbs is the
a) axillary
b) subclavian
c) brachial
d) radial
subclavian becomes the axillary, then further distally the brachial
the first arterial branch from the descending aorta to the pelvic limbs is the…
a- femoral
b- internal iliac
c- external iliac
d- deep circumflex iliac
C
accidental damage to which artery can occur in TPLO surgery?
a) popliteal
b) cranial tibial
c) caudal tibial
d) distal medial genicular
B
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528824001887
what echocardiographic projection is this?
a) right parasternal long axis 4 chamber
b) right parasternal long axis 5 chamber
c) left short axis mitral valve
d) left short axis pulmonary artery
e) right short axis pulmonary artery
f) right short axis mitral valve
A
what echocardiographic projection is this?
a) right parasternal long axis 4 chamber
b) right parasternal long axis 5 chamber
c) left short axis mitral valve
d) left short axis pulmonary artery
e) right short axis pulmonary artery
f) right short axis mitral valve
E
what echocardiographic projection is this?
a) right parasternal long axis 4 chamber
b) left caudal apical four chamber
c) left short axis mitral valve
d) right short axis pulmonary artery
B
