appendicular skeleton and arthrology Flashcards
the costotransverse joint is a
a) plane
b) ellipsoidal
c) hinge
d) condylar
A
plane joint is one in which the articular surfaces are essentially flat, permitting a slight gliding movement. E.g. the costotransverse joint.
Plane Joint describes translational movement; in reality, nonexistent, as all articular surfaces are curved
which is an example of a ellipsoid joint?
a) shoulder
b) antebrachiocarpal
c) tarsocrural
d) interphalangeal
B
An ellipsoidal joint is similar to a spheroidal joint. Ovoid joint permits movement in two planes.
ovoid convex articulation, allows movement in two planes at right angles with limited rotation
which is an example of a ellipsoid joint?
a) shoulder
b) antebrachiocarpal
c) elbow
d) interphalangeal
C
A hinge joint permits flexion and extension with a limited degree of rotation. The most movable
surface of a hinge joint is usually concave
Saddle Joint- also biaxial with a greater scope for rotation
what is a condylar joint and give an example
A condylar joint resembles a hinge joint in its movement but differs in structure. The surfaces of
such a joint include rounded prominences, or condyles, that fit into reciprocal depressions or
condyles on the adjacent bone, resulting in two articular surfaces usually included in one articular
capsule. E.g. the temporomandibular joint.
knuckle-shaped condyles vary in distance from one another allowing uniaxial movement with limited rotation (eg.femorotibial joint)
what is a pivot joint and give an example
Pivot Joint comprises a peg fitted with a ring, movement occurs about the long axis of the peg (eg. radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial joint)
give an example of a spheroidal joint?
Spheroidal Joint (aka ball-and-socket) multiaxial movement allows for rotational movement in several planes (eg hip joint)
what is a synarthroidal joint?
joints that are relatively rigid.
what is a diarthrodial joint?
joints that are freely movable.
give an example of a fibrous joint?
sutures in the skull
Gomphosis- The attachment of tooth to bone within its socket.
which of these tissues is avascular?
a) synovial membrane
b) hyaline cartilage
c) fibrous joint capsule
d) cruciate ligaments
B
cruciates have limited blood supply
limbs develop from?
a) endoderm
b) mesoderm
c) ectoderm
d) neural tube
B
which muscle is the clavicle within?
a) sternocephalicus
b) rhomboideus
c) scalenus
d) brachicephalicus
D
Brachicephalicus muscle is divided to:
Cleidocephalucus (accessory n.)
Cleidobrachialis (accessory n.)
which species do not have an acromion process (2)?
a) pig
b) cow
c) dog
d) horse
A, D
which species have a hamate and suprahamate process?
a) cat
b) rabbit
c) dog
d) pig
A B
which nerve is within the brachialis groove in dogs?
a) median
b) ulnar
c) radial
d) musculocutaneous
C
and the brachialis muscle
which epicondyle of the distal humerus is also known as the flexor epicondyle?
medial
a supracondylar foramen is present in?
a) dog?
b) cats
B
dogs- supratrochlear foramen
what passes through the supracondylar foramen of the humerus?
a) radial nerve and artery
b) median nerve and median vein
c) radial artery and median nerve
d) brachial artery and median nerve
D
which joints have menisci in dogs?
stifle and TMJ
true or false, the menisci in the stifle have a small blood supply and nerve endings?
true
fibrocartilage, like menisci, has a small blood supply and nerves
what is the function of menisci? (2)
concussion
make the joints more congruent
true or false hyaline cartilage has a small blood supply and nerve endings?
collateral ligaments of joints…
a) are within the synovial membrane
b) are within the joint cavity
c) are developed in the fibrous layer of the joint capsule
d) are external to the joint capsule
C
All synovial joints are characterized by à a joint cavity, a joint capsule (including an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane), synovial fluid (synovia), and articular cartilage
Collateral ligaments are developed in the fibrous layer of the joint capsule.
what is a joint bursa?
an outpouching of synovial membrane located around joints that acts as a cushion to reduce friction between moving parts like bones, tendons, and muscles
