Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is a D-dimer test used for?
An D-dimer test rules out the presence of a serious blood clot. If D-dimer levels are normal, there is unlikely any blood clot so this can be ruled out. Elevated levels cant rule out a blood clot.
What are the inferior ECG leads?
Leads II, III, aVF
What are the anterior ECG leads?
V2-V6
What does mediastinal widening on a CXR suggest?
Aortic Dissection
What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A dry cough
What type of channel restores resting potential in phase 4?
Na+/K+ ATPase
What antiplatelet drug is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor?
Dipyridamole, this decreases cellular uptake of adenosine
What part of the cardiac conduction system has the fastest velocity?
Purkinje Fibres
What wave is electrocardioversion synchronised to?
R wave
What does troponin C bind to?
Calcium ions
What is the action of endothelin?
It is a long-acting vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor.
What is a common chronic cause of RBBB?
Cor pulmonale (Right ventricular hypertrophy)
What are the most common valve failures after heart failure diagnosis?
Mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation
What contraindicates the prescription of a beta blocker?
Asthma
What part of the heart does ivabridine act on?
Sino Atrial Node
What does troponin I bind to?
Actin
What are differential diagnoses for inferior ST elevation?
Inferior STEMI
Aortic dissection
A murmur radiating to the carotids suggests…
Aortic Stenosis
A murmur radiating to the axilla suggests…
Mitral Regurgitation
What factor can make right sided murmurs louder?
Inspiration
Name some common murmurs…
Innocent murmur Mitral regurgitation Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis
What type of murmurs are always pathological?
Diastolic
What is valve stenosis?
Valves dont open properly
What is valve regurgitation?
Valves dont close properly