Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

A

Diagnosis on enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall

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2
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

Diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat

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4
Q

Aortic rupture

A

diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

irregular beating of the atria; indicating that the sinus node is not conducting normal sinus rhythm

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6
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

irregular beating of the atria; often described as “a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block”

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7
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

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8
Q

Bradychardia

A

slow heart rate (<60 bpm)

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9
Q

Cardiac ischemia

A

decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG.

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10
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

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11
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

diseased heart muscles

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12
Q

Dilated cardiomyophathy

A

dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart

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13
Q

Extra systoles

A

extra beats of the heart heard during ausculation

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14
Q

Friction rub

A

described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of percarditis

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15
Q

Gallop

A

Three or four sounds, resembling the sounds of a gallop

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16
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

heart rhythm for anyone with atrial fibrillation

17
Q

Jugular vein distension

A

signs of CHF

18
Q

Murmurs

A

Abnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale

19
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed

20
Q

Myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

21
Q

NSTEMI

A

non ST segment MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin in blood test

22
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally

23
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

24
Q

Pulse exam

A

carotid, brachial, radial, fermoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis or posterior tibia

25
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction; When the EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates an acute heart attack

26
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate (>100)

27
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion

28
Q

Valvular vegetation

A

an infectious growth on the cardiac valves

29
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

A VSD; a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the right and left ventricles

30
Q

Ventricular wall thrombus

A

a blood clot that attaches to the inside of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarction